1893.] Animal Intelligence. 939 
nitely known, but it is the opinion of most scientists that it is 
through their antenne. 
I once saw wonderful evidences of this power of intelligent 
communication while watching a battle between Lasius niger 
and Lasius flavus. The black ants were on a foray; the booty 
in question being a large herd of aphides owned by the yellow 
ants. The yellow ants had a commissariat department and 
an ambulance corps. I frequently saw them drop to the 
rear during the battle and partake of refreshments. Those 
slightly wounded were also attended to by the ambulance 
corps. The black ants were in light marching order, and had 
neither of these conveniences and necessary adjuncts. These 
ants seemed to be governed by a high order of intelligence in 
this battle. The yellow ants repeatedly sent back to their 
village for reinforcements and in this instance were victorious. 
They were not so fortunate, however, in a second battle I wit- 
nessed, a short time afterward. Their antagonists were of the 
Same species as in the first battle, but from a different colony. 
In this second battle the yellow ants were all slain, and their 
herds of aphides carried off by their conquerors. 
The bee ranks next to the ant in point of intelligence and I 
have witnessed numerous instances of ratiocination in these 
interesting little animals. My bee-house is built of brick, 
without windowsand has only onesmall door. The hives are 
-= made of glass and covered with thick curtains of muslin. 
This renders observation very easy. On one occasion I 
noticed that from some cause, a comb had become detached 
and was in danger of falling to the floor. The bees had 
noticed this before it had become apparent to me, and had 
begun to provide against disaster. They rapidly built a 
broad, thick support of wax between the endangered comb 
and the one next to it, thus securing it firmly. They then 
reattached the detached comb securely to the roof of the hive. 
When this had been done, they took away the temporary 
Support and used the wax elsewhere. When men see a wall 
out of plumb and in danger of falling, they use like methods 
to prevent disaster. De Fraviére says that bees have a num- 
ber of tones which they emit from the stigmata of thorax and 
