1893.] Quarry Refuse in America and Europe. 965 
behind the town, are about a mile from the tide-less fresh- 
water Somme, and about 40 meters above it. They are holes 
dug in gardens and grass fields, on an exceedingly gentle slope, 
and their position avoids the difficulty of comparatively mod- 
ern talus encountered at the celebrated Trenton bluff, just as a 
well or cellar dug in the middle of the latter city would? Cis 
the Menchecourt quarry near the river. A and B might stand 
as well for the St. Acheul pits if Abbeville were Amiens, 
when C would do for Montieres. 
The gravel pits A and D, at Abbeville, will serve as types. 
The cuts, now about 10 to 18 feet deep, were, at places, clean 
and fresh, and showed veins of sand in white, yellow and red, 
and layers of large flint nodules, round by nature and packed 
in gravel, the whole overspread by the “Limon rouge," an 
unstratified layer 3 to 6 feet thick, of sand, gravel and weather- 
broken flint splinters.” Classed as the last phenomenon of qua- 
ternary times, this “Limon rouge,” tinted brownish red by 
atmospherie agencies, had, said geologists, rolled like a pud- 
ding over all the gravel area, from the uppermost or oldest 
terrace or bed, to the lowest or latest. 
The difference between these exposures and those at Trenton 
was striking. There, where all stones were water-worn peb- 
bles, and but few constituted blade-material for primitive man 
(argillite), here, scarcely any were water-worn, and nearly all 
were blade material(flint) In Trenton there was no fossil-pre- 
serving chalk; but here the presence and chemical effects of 
chalk were everywhere apparent. 
ere is a ** Puit at the Leon Quarry, where at hole formed by decomposition 
in the underlying chalk, an area of about 75 feet square has settled down 4 or 5 feet. 
‘The stratification of the sudken area is somewhat jarred, but its line of faulting clearly 
marked against the clean cut layers to the right and left. The danger of replacement 
those of changed water-courses anciently filled up, root holes, uprooted 
trees, confront the student here as everywhere. Well might he use caution, even 
were he in a hole 100 yards from the bluff’s edge at Piney Branch, at the bottom of 
a trench 200 feet from the “ quartz workshop talus ” at Little Falls, or down in the 
Trenton sewer. 
*'This phenomenon of weather iiine can easily be seen still at 
work. Many nodules yet unbroken, show on their surface discolored 
sine k a good bov 
