972 The American Naturalist. [November, 
certain archeologists is of the greatest interest to the Ameri- 
can student—that while A and C begin at the oldest layers 
and continue through the newest, B only begins in the middle 
stratum (with the Mammoth), to continue thenceforth with the 
others to the top.’ 
Granted the correctness of this observation, the student of 
American quarries would be tempted to call C, when lying as 
it does in the later beds, at or near the more perfect forms, a 
“ waster or reject,” a preliminary step in their manufacture. 
When found alone, however, in lower strata of the same 
gravel, he must fairly ask whether it does not represent an 
earlier stage in the process of stone chipping, when the savage, 
unskilled to proceed farther in the then experimental art, 
would have halted and treated asa finished tool, the same 
form which later, where finer work was understood and re- 
quired, he would have cast aside as a “ reject.” 
This brings us to the last question : 
THE “ WASTER " OF THE EUROPEAN (“ NEOLITHIC”) QUARRY. 
Are there late Stone Age quarries abroad, which, like the 
American sites, tell a story of bocked out “ wasters " resem- 
bling gravel forms ? 
At Grimes Graves (near Brandon, Suffolk, England) Canon 
Greenwell found, in 1880, surface conditions resembling those 
at Macungie, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania).'® After digging 40 
feet down into an ancient pit, he discovered horizontal galleries, 
and in them several chalk cups, a phallic figure cut in chalk, 
and pick-axes made of stag antlers, on one of which was the 
*'The opponents of this statement say that B has been found in the old- 
est layer. Its advocates, that when such has seemed the case, the speci- 
mens tumbled down through the ravining of streams. Unfortunately, it 
appears that in the demonstration of these points, few exact records have 
been kept of the stratigraphic position of specimens discovered. None, 
as far as I could learn, had been photographed in place, and probably 
not one in fifty was found by a scientific observer with his own hands. ‘‘We 
need,” said M. Reinach, in the St. Germain Museum, ‘‘a kind of hermit 
to live in the ibm and pounce upon specimens as workmen find 
w See Notes un Derlon of Aboriginal Jasper quarries in the Lehigh 
Hills in 1891-92 (Popular Science Monthly, September, He 
