1893.] Quarry Refuse in America and Europe. 973 
muddy imprint of a human hand.  Cissbury (near Worthing, 
Sussex, England) explored by Col. A. Lane Fox, in 1867-75, 
repeated in general these discoveries. 
At Grand Pressigny (near Tours, France) the fields are 
scattered with nuclei and thin flakes of flint worked from 
neighboring rock in situ, and no dont there are hundreds of 
other European quarries yet g the handi- 
craft of runs living in times geologically more recent than 
the drift. 
But Spiennes (near Mons in Belgium) will suit our purpose. 
Here M. M. Cornet and Briart saw, in 1868, a railway cut expose 
pits and horizontal burrows as at Grimes Graves and Ciss- 
bury, in one of which, at a depth of 8 or 10 feet, a fire-site and 
potsherds were found. The surface and slope of the chalk hill 
along the little valley of the Trouille, though talus hides the 
pit profiles, and the surface depressions are level, is still littered 
thick with refuse, which is, if we may believe European 
archeology, the work of a man who could make pottery and 
polish stone tools, and who, as compared with the Drift savage of 
the Somme is, geologically speaking, a modern individual. 
I visited Spiennes in March, 1893, and, after seeing a neigh- 
boring collection, and carefully examining the refuse-covered 
area and several piles of “ pierres taillés" in adjoining gardens, 
gathered with my own hands and obtained from peasants on 
- the spot, a fairly illustrative series of the chipped forms of the 
quarry. 
Figure 6,omitting nuclei and unworked chips, represents 
the types of the collection (142 specimens in all, including 4 
hammer-stones). 
Again, as in the American quarries, the story of partly fin- 
ished implements preceded by “ wasters " and inchoate forms, 
"Le, according to the European classification, the men of (a) the 
cave period, (b) the neolithie period, (c) the bronze period. 
The paleolithic cave men, who, as we are told, never polished stone, 
polished bone, and scratched outlines of animals on bone, superior in 
realistie skill to anything done in the Bronze and Neolithic Ages. At 
Solutre, they chipped long, thin blades, equal to fine Mexican and 
Californian specimens, and at the quarries and workshops where these 
were fashioned, the American student might expect to find a set of 
** wasters " very familiar in appearance, yet. certainly ‘‘paleolithic.” 
