PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA HEPATIC 25 
coast ranges are two species of Aneura (fticcardia), A. multifida 
major and A. pinguzs, the latter being far more sensitive to 
change of environment than the former, but neither is capable 
of withstanding much loss of water. They are both found 
growing at their best when, if not actually in running water, they 
are at least so situated as to receive a constant supply. The 
finest, most vigorous specimens I have ever collected have been 
found growing in such a position as to receive constant dripping 
of fresh water from above, which so far as has been observed 
does not materially influence the development of fruiting organs 
as is the case when Fegatella is too abundantly supplied. 
Several specimens of /tzcczocarpus natans found growing on 
soil about a small lake in the foot-hills were brought into the 
laboratory along with enough of the substratum to prevent any 
shock resulting from transference. These along with some 
Aneura multifida major were placed in a shallow earthern 
saucer and exposed to the dry air of the laboratory until in a 
normal air-dry condition. In this condition they were gradually 
moistened but no sign of recovery was apparent in any part of 
the tissue of either plant, and after several days of normal mois- 
ture supply they showed no signs of life. It is apparent from 
this and several other experiments upon hygrophilous forms 
that they lack the degree of adaptability to changed climatic 
conditions exhibited by such forms as /tzccza, Targzonia or 
Porella. 
Aside from several genera of Ricciaceze and Marchantiacee, 
two species of Spherocarpus and one of Fossombronia, F.. 
longiseta, represent the thallose Jungermanniaceze for the 
region about San Francisco Bay, as well as higher up into the 
hills and mountains. So far as habit is concerned Sphero- 
carpus is hardly to be compared to /ossombronza for the one is 
an annual while the other remains alive throughout the entire 
summer. We have here a relatively small representation of 
leafy liverworts, the most common being Porella bolanderz, 
and Frullania bolanderi, while in certain isolated localities one 
may find ftadula complanata growing on tree trunks and 
Lophozta ventricosa forming reddish-brown patches on exposed 
hillsides that receive abundant moisture during the rainy season. 
