PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA HEPATICHZ 21 
sempervirens, Alnus rhombtfolia, Salix lastolepis and other 
trees which afford abundant shelter for a variety of shade-loving 
plants. Here also thrive several species of mosses and liver- 
worts that in less favored localities would either die or pass into 
a dormant, air-dry condition. 
Fegatella occurs throughout the length of the cafion on both 
banks of the creek, though most abundantly on the south side 
where there is a minimum of direct sunlight and evaporation. 
Five trips were made during the past season for at least a dis- 
tance of three miles toward the head of the cafion and each time 
a diligent search was made for fruiting plants which were found 
in but few, very limited areas, where the exposure was north or 
northeast. It was observed that no fruiting plants were to be 
found in places void of sunlight, and the same was true when 
the plants grew within six or eight inches of the water’s surface 
in light of the same intensity as fell upon nearby fruiting plants. 
Plants bearing receptacles in greatest number were found ona 
flat elevation about eighteen inches above the water in a break 
between trees through which fell a flood of strong, diffused 
light and at midday direct sunlight. This level bed of Fega- 
tella was bathed constantly by seepage of spring-water from a 
moss and fern grown cliff forming the background, upon which 
were found a few fruiting plants of /egatella and Aneura pin- 
guts. Wherever fruiting plants occurred, it was noted that the 
combined conditions of light and moisture were relatively about 
the same. In places where there was strong light but insuffi- 
cient moisture the plants were observed to wither, and when 
these conditions were reversed there was always a strikingly 
vigorous vegetative development, some individual plants meas- 
uring ten or more inches in length. 
The time of fertilization of our California plants is not defi- 
nitely known. The antherozoids are discharged during March 
and April and receptacles still containing intact antheridia have 
been found in some of our cafions as late as August. 
In England, according’ to Cavers,’ the receptacles begin to 
develop in early spring but do not mature until about the end of 
June, while the earliest stages in the development of the sporo- 
WLOC:. Citas, Pe Qos 
