PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA HEPATICZ 17 
hyphe produce short lateral processes which grow in length 
until they come in contact with a similar branch of a neighbor- 
ing hypha effecting conjugation with it; or in case it fails to 
meet with such a branch it is seen to anastomose with a near- 
by hypha and in this manner a complicated weft of hyphe may 
develop over the surface of the host. The same seems to be 
true with regard to the hyphe within the host cells, though to 
less extent. Within certain cells (Fig. 19) dark colored scle- 
rotia-like structures develop, though in the material studied 
these were by no means abundant. With a limited amount of 
infected material nothing definite can be said as to the relation 
of the fungus to the host. All plants examined however seemed 
practically unaffected by the fungus. Infected cells exhibited 
the single chromatophore in every case except where sclerotia 
had formed. Just what would have been the effect had the 
fungus been as far advanced as in the case of Hossombronza or 
Aneura is mere conjecture. Our species of Anthoceros have, 
growing within the thallus, colonies of a species of /Voséoc, but 
the writer saw no evidence of fungal hyphe invading these. 
Porella bolanderz is infected by a fungus of somewhat dif- 
ferent habit, though its ultimate effect upon the host is not 
greatly different from what has been described for Hossombronza 
and Aneura. 
The principal hyphal trunks appear for the most part to be 
intercellular, thus differing in this respect from the others 
described above. A single hypha finding entrance to a leaf for 
example, will ramify to some extent, and these various primary 
branches grow along between the cells of the host, thus forming 
an intercellular complex that may effect nearly every cell. 
From these primary branches, haustoria find entrance to the 
host cells and here they become more or less branched, with the 
result that the cells lose all their contents except the nucleus; 
this seems to persist. After the disorganization and disappear- 
ance of the chromatophores, the fungus structures are easily 
visible and in many of these cells may be seen exceedingly 
thick-walled chlamydospores, in some instances quite filling the 
enclosing wall of the host cell (Fig. 17). 
The fungus is not confined wholly to the interior of the tissue. 
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., January, 1908. 
