PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA HEPATIC 3 
gionia hypophylla, Plagiochasma elongatum and fegatella 
conica. In all these the hyphe are confined to the more com- 
pact tissue of the thallus. 
Jeffrey,’ in his paper on the Gametophyte of Botrychium vir- 
ginianum, describes an endophytic fungus associated with this 
fern. His observations show that conidia develop singly within 
the host cells usually at the end of a hypha. These peculiar 
conidia germinate zz sztu, generally producing a germ-tube 
which forces its way into the neighboring cells of the host. 
Within certain cells of the host he observed the development of 
vesicular structures along the enclosed hyphz. Similar struc- 
tures have been observed by Bruchmann? in his recent studies 
on Ophioglossum vulgatum. In his Fig. 42 he has indicated 
fungal structures similar to those common to the endophytic 
hyphe found by the author in cells of Aneura multifida major. 
The same writer® in his work upon Botrychium lunaria 
describes an endophytic fungus infecting the cells of the pro- 
thallium. He states that the hyphz usually find entrance to the 
prothallial tissue through the rhizoids though in some instances 
they are found penetrating the outer, cuticularized surface of 
the prothallium. Once within the cells of the host, the hyphe 
fill the cells with their sclerotia-like structures and veszcular 
enlargements. All starch of the infected cells disappears, but 
he finds oil and albumen within the hyphe which he regards as 
reserve products to be utilized later by the growing embryo. 
Thus he recognizes a symbiotic relationship between fungus and 
host, and in another part of the same paper he advances the 
theory that the endophyte is a probable means in assisting the 
prothallium to withstand the rigors of hot and cold weather. 
1Jeffrey, 1898: The Gametophyte of Botrychtum Rae University of 
Toronto Studies, No. 1, p. 12. 
* Bruchmann, 1904: Ueber das Prothallium und die Keimpflanze von Ophzo- 
Zlossum vulgatum L. Botanische Zeitung, Heft XII, Taf. VIII, Fig. 42 und 
Fig. 42a. 
? Bruchmann, 1906: Ueber das Prothallium und die Sporenpflanze von Bofry- 
chium lunaria Sw. Flora, Band 96, Heft 1, pp. 210-211. 
