1891.] Psychology. 385 
the ground from the north. When nearly opposite, attracted by the 
bright color, it changed its course quickly and flew directly to the 
fire-crackers, trying one bunch and then another, as I have noticed the 
same species of butterfly do in a field at Hyde Park while feeding, 
going from one bright red flower to another. Then suddenly recovering 
itself, and as if coming to a point of realization of a mistake, the 
insect continued its headlong journey southward until lost to view, I 
find in my diary on June 24th, 1884, while I was standing on a street 
corner in Chicago waiting the arrival of a car, an Alypian moth 
(Adypia octomacudata) was attracted by the clothes which I wore at that 
time. The specimen was a beautiful male, and when I stood still it 
flew about my body in the air repeatedly, and persistently alighted on 
my clothes, although it was gently brushed away several times with my 
d. e black and white on the moth coincided closely with the 
small St och of the same in my suit, the significance of which im- 
pressed me strongly atthe time. Last summer (1890) I noticed several 
times that small white butterflies were attracted by bits of white pieces 
of paper which had been carelessly thrown upon the ground. An 
instance bearing upon this point is recorded in the AMERICAN NAT- 
URALIST (Vol. XX., page 976), in which many Ajax butterflies 
(Papilio ajax), which are wary and ordinarily captured with great 
difficulty, became attracted by dead specimens of the same species 
which I pinned upon the ends of twigs and stuck in the ground to 
serve as decoys. I was allowed to increase my collection with a num- 
ber of additional specimens in this way by the use of a net, which 
could not have been otherwise taken. 
In the matter of birds, it is an every-day experience of hunters to 
attract wild ducks and some other birds within gun-range by artificial 
decoys placed at a point where the birds can see them in passing 
over on the wing, and I have myself shot American golden plover 
frequently which were attracted by flat tin pieces ‘which I had painted 
in imitation and cut in the shape of these birds, and stuck upon sticks 
which elevated them from the ground. In the latter case almost every 
individual in a flock of twenty to thirty have been shot in this way ; and 
imitating their call-note would again and again call them back, although 
each time a number shot from the flock would fall to the ground, which 
were probably noticed by the birds that escaped the fire, for they some- 
times dove down from above in the direction of the falling birds, It is 
interesting, although digressing a little from the subject in hand, to note 
that in localities where these birds frequented by thousands in their 
migrations ^ some years ago, but few are seen now, and are fast follow- 
