388 The American Naturalist. 
each other, but they had a chance there to present new discoveries 2 
announce new theories. The congresses act as an internati 
` clearing-house, and enable the scientists of the world to com 
notes, and, if needs be, correct their errors, That the importan 
these congresses has been recognized by the European anthropolo, 
is demonstrated by the numbers in attendance, the average of wl 
has been 588 members, while the session at Stockholm counted 
adherents. The foreigners usually number about one-half the attene 
ance. The average representation, stated by countries or nations, hi 
been as follows : France, 126; Sweden, 115; Great Britain, 70 
gium, 68 ; Italy, 45 ; Déimárk, 41; Austria-Hungary, 35 ; Germany, 
20; Portugal, ro; Russia, 8; Netherlands, Norway, and Finl 
each 6 ; Switzerland and Roumania, each 5 ; United States of Am 
4; Luxemburg, 2; Brazil, Greece, Turkey, Argentine Republic, each 
I ; all other nations taken together, 4. i 
A permanent council had general supervision of the affairs o 
congress, but a committee of organization was charged with the 
of preparation. 
The program for this session, as agreed upon by this commit 
and published in advance, was as follows: Monday, August 
1889, 2 o'clock P.M. Address of the president. Report of 
secretary-general, Election of the bureau and council. it 
by-laws.—Tuesday, August 20th, 1889, 9.30 A.M. Visit to 
Museum of Natural History in the galleries of anthropology a l 
paleontology. 2.00 P.M., regular meeting in the amphitheatre | of! 
College of France. —Wednesday, August 21st, 1889, 9.00 4 
meeting at College of France. 1.00 P.M., reception of the mel 
of the congress by the municipality of Paris at the Hotel de vV 
4.00 P.M.—Thursday, August 22d, 1889. Visit to the colonia 
play at the exposition. Rendezvous on the Esplanade des Inv: 
k oo seduce on pr Seine, and visit to he n 
—Sunday, August aoe 1889. Meeting at College of Fr 
A.M., and closing session at 2,00 P.M.—Monda ay, August 
Excursion by rail to Chelles, the great paleolithic station. _ 
_ The questions proposed by the committee for discussion 
were as follows: 1, Denudation and filling of the 
ling of the caverns, and their relations to the antiquity of 1 
