; 
. 
1891.] Archeology and Ethnology. 393 
It can only be done by extensive acquaintance with facts. The Tertiary 
plateau of Paris at the beginning of the Miocene was horizontal and 
intact and 170 metres in elevation. It was profoundly affected by the 
Seine during the Tertiary, which made a colossal cutting compared 
with that of the Plistocene, which in Paris is only 40 metres in eleva- 
tion. The movements of the soil explain perfectly the conclusions as 
to the filling of the valleys at the periods of depression, and of cutting 
during the periods of elevation. 
Monsieur Mourlon, of Brussels, said that diversity of views and dif- 
ferences of opinion proved that the solution of this problem is yet far 
distant. He recommended that each person should take up his own 
proper study in his own country, and pursue it without any precon- 
ceived ideas or opinions. He explained the situation at Mons and — 
Ixelles as identical with that of Igtham presented by Mr. Prestwich, 
and said that the deposits were doubtless Pliocene, yet they found 
chipped flints of the Moustier type. 
M. Marellin Boule said that he had studied the fossil bones of Ixelles 
at the museum, and that all the species belong to the fauna of the primi- 
genius. The deposit at Ixelles is probably not older than the com- 
mencement of the Plistocene as we know it in France. In any event, 
it does not belong to the Pliocene. 
Gosselet, of Lille, objected that Mr. Prestwich was too uncertain. He 
always said “It is perhaps” pre-Glacial, etc. Yet M. Gosselet was 
opposed to M. Mourlon in his opinion that the deposits at Mons were 
anterior to the Plistocene. 
M. Max Lohest said that none of the numberless depots yet discov- 
ered in the caverns were characteristic of any determined geologic 
epoch. Fauna of the mammoth and Rhinoceros tichorhinus are found 
as well in the red plastic clay, the rolled pebble, and the stratified mud 
as in the clay full of sharp stones which came from the roof of the cav- 
ern. He attacked the theory of M. Dupont, and declared that the 
height of elevation of a cavern above the level of the river was not evi- 
dence of its antiquity, and that the formation of the Belgium valleys 
` had begun anterior to the Cretaceous epoch, The clay of the plateaux 
in the east of Belgium that came from the cutting of the valleys was 
deposited probably anterior to the age of the mammoth. On the 
arrival of man the face of the country presented much the same appear- 
ance as now. 
Monsieur van den Broeck, of Belgium, responded to his colleagues, 
MM. Mourlon and Max Lohest. In his opinion the Belgium val- 
leys were not cut until after the Pliocene, because we found the sedi- 
