1891,] Archeology and Ethnology. 395 
Monsieur Judge Piette described at length the position, condition, 
and geologic formation of the great cavern of Mas d’Azil, Ariege; 
how it was found in a tunnel made under or through the mountain by 
the passage of the river l’Arize, and how it had been inhabited by 
prehistoric man during all epochs. He had visited this cavern, which is 
a stupendous and wonderful work of nature, his interest being corres- 
pondingly excited because in it were to be found in great quantities and 
great thickness, in different parts of the caverns the evidence of the 
occupation by prehistoric man in all his epochs ; the paleolithic, the 
earliest cavern epoch, down to and including the neolithic and even 
bronze age. ; 
M. Chambrun de Rosemont and Madame Clemence Royer gave 
their opinions. Monsieur Gosselet confined himself to the question 
which was being discussed, and gave it as his opinion that there were 
to be found the following phenomena in the cutting of the valleys : 
1. A first cutting anterior to the deposit of the lower or earliest Plis- 
tocene. 2. A second cutting posterior to the deposit of the yellow 
clay, but anterior to the upper diluvium. These repose indifferently 
on the strata of the lower Plistocenc, and which may have been more 
or less eroded. Sometimes the gravels of the two epochs are super- 
posed. 3. A third cutting posterior to the Plistocene period. 
Sometimes this finds the Plistocene in the valleys; but it is not 
infrequent to find the Tertiary and even the secondary deposit 
€xposit exposed by the cutting. 4. After this last cutting the water of 
the rain and the rivulets produced a heterogeneous clayey deposit that 
covered the slopes and descended even to the bottom of the valleys. 
In this one can find the dééris of the age of polished stone, of 
Roman objects, and others similar. The relations of the divisions in 
the fauna and the human industry of the Plistocene epoch have not 
been determined. 
M. de Szabo described the Plistocene formations in Hungary.— 
Tuomas Witson. (Zo be continued. ) 
The Munich Association for the study of anthropology, eth- 
nology, and prehistorics is publishing its transactions in an organ called 
Beiträge sur Anthropologie und Urgeschichte Bayerns, which has now 
reached its ninth volume. Professors J. Ranke and N. Riidinger are 
the editors, and a series of most important papers have filled its pages 
since publication began. 
The fourth number of Volume VIII., which is now before us, con- 
tains an elaborate inquiry into the racial groups now forming the pop- 
_ ulation of the Bavarian province Oberfranken, northeastern part, com- 
