1891.] Geology and Paleontology. 569 
occupied by the deep abysses of the Indian Ocean ; but if so it must 
have occurred before its bed had subsided to anything like its present 
depth. (Geol. Mag., Nov., 1890.) 
Fossil Fishes of the Cretaceous Formations of Scandi- 
navia.2—This is a quarto publication of the Royal Dublin Society, 
and forms part of Vol. IV. (Series II.) of their Transactions. As the 
author had placed at his disposal the collections at Stockholm and 
Copenhagen, and furthermore had the opportunity of comparing the 
Scandinavian specimens with those in the British Museum, his memoir 
is a valuable contribution to science. 
The classification is based on that of Mr. A, Smith Woodward, and 
_ with few exceptions, the most important family represented is the Lam- 
nide. 
A general view of the ichthyic fauna of the Swedish chalk is given 
as follows: 
“It has shown, generally, a closer relationship to the Cretaceous 
fauna of the north of Europe, as represented in the English and 
French chalk, than to the more highly specialized fauna of Asia 
Minor ; but it does not afford representatives of several of the Physos- 
tomous Teleostomi, such as Ichthyodectes, Protosphyreena, and Pachy- 
thizodus, which occur in the English chalk, and have been found in 
the Upper Cretaceous rocks of North America. A few teeth occur in 
the Swedish chalk which are referred to Enchodus. Examples of a 
large species of Dercetis occur, and some fragmentary remains which 
are probably Clupean. ‘The highly specialized forms, such as Chiro- 
thrix, Rhinellus, etc., found in the Lebanon chalk, do not occur in 
the chalk of Sweden. Among the Acanthopterygian Teleosteans the 
most important are the remains of Beryx and Hoploptery%- 
‘“ The great majority of the fish remains are Selachian, and comprise 
no fewer than twenty-four species. Three species, V1Z., Carcharodon 
rondeletii (M. & H.), Otodus obliquus (Ag.), and OEI e 
(Ag.) are usually regarded and known as indicating a Tertiary fauna ; 
_ but in the Scandinavian chalk they have been found in association 
with many undoubted Cretaceous forms in the Faxe limestone, and so 
appear to prove that these species were in existence before the Ae 
of the deposition of the Tertiary strata. The Tectospondylic shar ; 
are represented by two species of Ptychodus and indefinable aes o 
Myliobatis. The Asterospondylic sharks occur in very large numbers, 
Scandinavia. By James NW. 
On the Fossil Fi s Formations of i 
Jn ossil Fishes of the Cretaceous XLVL Trans. Royal Dublin 
_ Davis, F.G.S., F.L.S., F.S.A., etc. Plates XXXVIII. to 
= Soc., Vol. IV., Series IT. 
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