590 | The American Naturalist. [June, 
yet to me, who had seen and heard Monsieur Montelius in all the 
minutia, extent, and number of his investigations, the proofs were highly 
-satisfactory and convincing. 
M. Montelius continued with antoher paper,—‘‘ The Preclassic Civili- 
zation of Italy.” He recommended to the prehistoric archeologist the 
study of this civilization, and declared that it had never been satis- 
factorily done either by the prehistoric archeologist, nor yet by the 
classic archeologist. He said the Italian objects found in Central 
Europe, even up to the north, established the fact of commerce, or, at 
least, relations between the peninsula of Italy and the center and 
north of Europe in times of high antiquity. He had chosen speci- 
mens and types.of objects which are exhibited in the museums, and 
also those shown only in publications, by means of which he has 
formed an album containing no less than two thousand figures, which 
are classed chronologically and divided into four parts geographically. 
The first was Sardinia; the second, Sicily and Southern Italy ; the 
_ third, Central Italy ; and fourth, Northern Italy. Each one of these 
divisions was again subdivided into chronologic periods, thus: For 
Northern and Central Italy he had four periods: 1. Objects which 
were of simple form in bronze and sometimes in copper. The hatchets 
were rude, flat, with only an indicated edge. 2. Celts, hatchet- 
shaped. 3. Celts, with wings and the most ancient type of fibula. 
4. ` Celts, with a stop and å socket; the fibula made of spiral form ard 
with a simple arch. During the age of iron the civilization divided 
itself, and changed according as it was on the one or the other side 
`- of the Apennine mountains. To the north was the fifth period of 
Benacci, sixth of Arnoldi ; both of which periods were of Villanova 
and Pre-Etruscan. 7. The period of La Certosa or Etruscan. 8. The 
period Celtic or Gaulois. On the south of the- Apennines was the 
fifth,—the first period of the age of iron. 6. Periods of Proto- 
truscan, with a notable invasion, bringing new and strange elements ; 
and 7th was the Etruscan period. Supposing the Etruscans to have 
arrived in Etruria by sea, they had not traversed the Apennines till a 
much later epoch. | 
_ This communication of M. Montelius was exceedingly interesting to 
me, not alone because of his investigations into the age of bronze in 
the Scandinavian countries, of which I have already favorably spoken, 
_ but because I had been over this preclassic country of Italy, and had 
been struck many times with what I conceived to be the errors of 
classic scholars, with their apparent failure to comprehend the modern 
science of prehistoric archeology, with the difference which it had 
