Yol. 56.] STRUCTURE OF THE MALVERN AND ABBERLEY HILLS. 147 



Hill Sandstone) is, however, not exposed, and can be traced only by 

 the steep slope and by scattered bits of the rock; but farther north- 

 west the Wenlock Limestone is dislocated by a transverse fault. The 

 transverse fault north of Black Hill, recognized by Holl * and by 

 Mr. Rutley 2 (the latter of whom believes that it crosses the whole 

 width of the Archaean ridge), dislocates both the Woolhope and 

 Wenlock Limestones. Between the two faults which cross it the 

 Wenlock Limestone has for the most part a normal dip, but towards 

 the south it becomes inverted. 



VI. The Range between Black Hill and the Wyche. 



The geology of this part of the range is comparatively simple. 

 The Archaean mass shows a plagioclinal structure, and is evidently 

 in contact for the whole of its length with the upper beds of 

 the Hay Hill Sandstone, although this formation is rarely 

 exposed. The junction between the two is well-defined in most 

 places by the character of the slope. The debris of May Hill 

 Sandstone cease precisely where the slope becomes suddenly 

 steeper. The May Hill Beds were reached in laying the foundations 

 of a large house, east of Perry Croft Coppice, where, as I am 

 informed by Mr. Bennett, of Malvern, the sandstone is reversed. 

 The same sandstone may be seen near the house called Linden (east 

 of Colwall Station), where it rests upon the Woolhope Limestone at 

 an angle of 83°. 



The Woolhope Limestone may be traced from Herring's Coppice 

 northward through Brand Green to near Linden, where it is inter- 

 rupted by a fault, but it is nowhere sufficiently exposed to show 

 the dip. This fault was regarded by Phillips as a sharp flexure 

 accompanied by squeezing out of the beds, 3 but was more correctly 

 mapped by Holl as a true fault with a little bending of the two ends. 

 In traversing all the Silurian beds as well as the Old Red Sand- 

 stone, it brings the upper part of the Wenlock Shale (with bands of 

 limestone), as Holl states, loc. supra cit. (and not the Lower Ludlow 

 Shales, as Symonds thought 4 ), against the Old Red Sandstone near 

 the mouth of the tunnel. The fault, although somewhat irregular, 

 is about vertical. The fossils collected from the shales include the 

 following : — 



Favosites gothlandica, Linn, (small 

 specimens ; very abundant). 



F. fibrosa (?) Goldf. 



Monticulipora (?) spp. (abundant). 



Plasmophora petaliformis, Lonsd. 

 (very abundant). 



Heliolites interstincta, Wabl. 

 Syringopora bifurcata, Lonsd. 

 Palceocyclus rugosus, M.-Edw. & Haime 



(very abundant). 

 P. Fletcheri, M.-Edw. & Haime. 

 Cyathophyllum cylindricum (?) Lonsd. 



Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxi (1865) p. 1)6. 

 Ibid. vol. xliii (1887) map facing p. 488. 

 Mem. G-eol. Surv. vol. ii (1848) pt. i, p. 136. 

 ' Old Stones ' 2nd ed. (1884) p. 69. 



l2 



