Vol, 56.] STETJCTUEE OF THE MALVERN AND ABBERLEY HILLS. 177 



formity spread over a wide area, not only in the British Isles, but 

 also on the Continent. 



In the Coalbrookdale Coalfield it has been shown by Mr, M. W. T. 

 Scott 1 and Mr. D. Jones 2 that the Upper Coal Measures rest 

 upon a denuded surface of older Coal Measures. South of this area 

 the former rest directly upon the Old Red Sandstone. This relation 

 is maintained still farther south, until at Harcott the older Coal 

 Measures appear again between the two formations, unconformable 

 to both. 3 In the neighbourhood of the Trimpley anticline, on the 

 western side of the Forest- of- Wy re Coalfield, according to Mr. Can- 

 trill, the Upper Coal Measures also rest upon older Coal Measures. 4 

 In the southern part of the Forest-of-Wyre Coalfield the Upper 

 Measures again rest upon the Old Hed Sandstone. 5 



In the South Staffordshire Coalfield, according to Mr. F. Mea- 

 chem, 6 the Upper Coal Measures rest unconformably upon the 

 older Coal Measures ; and in the Lower Lickey district, according 

 to Prof. Lapworth, beds which appear to be the Upper Coal 

 Measures rest directly upon the Cambrian and Silurian rocks. 7 



In the Leicestershire Coalfield certain beds have been regarded as 

 probably Upper Coal Measures by the Rev, W. H. Coleman 8 and 

 Prof. Hull, 9 and supposed to rest unconformably upon older Coal 

 Measures ; but they are considered by Mr. H. T. Brown to belong- 

 to the latter series, to which they appear to be conformable. 10 The 

 last-named observer believes that all traces of the Upper Coal 

 Measures were removed in pre-Permian times. Mr. Gresley, how- 

 ever, describes a small patch of Coal Measures resting directly 

 upon the Rawdon Fault, which traverses the older Coal Measures, 

 and, with apparent justice, regards it as a relic of the Upper Coal 

 Measures (Trans. Fed. Inst. Min. Eng. vol. iv, 1893, p. 431). 



In Yorkshire the Rotherham Red Rock, with an associated series 

 of Coal Measures, underlies the Permian beds unconformably, 

 and appears to rest with marked unconformity upon the older Coal 

 Measures. 11 



In Cumberland the Whitehaven Sandstone, with its S_pirorbis- 

 limestones and beds of coal, has been shown by Mr. J. D. Kendall 

 to be markedly unconformable to the older Coal Measures ; he justly 

 regards this rock as representing the Upper Coal Measures. 12 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvii (1861) p. 457. 



2 Geol. Mag. 1871, p. 200. 



3 Trans. Fed. Inst. Min. Eng. vol. vii (1894) p. 287. 



4 ' Geol. of Wyre Forest Coalfield ' Kidderminster, 1895. 



5 Trans. Fed. Inst, Min. Eng. vol. vii (1894) p. 287. 



6 Ihid. vol. viii (1895) p.401 ; see also C. DeEance, ibid.rol x (1896) p. 244. 



7 Proc. Geol. Assoc. toI. xv (1898) p. 368. 



8 ' Outline of Geol. of Leicestershire ' (White's ' History ') 1846, p. 25. 



9 ' Geol. of Leicestershire Coalfield & of Country around Ashby-de-la-Zouch ' 

 Mem. Geol. Surv. 1860, p. 56. 



10 Quart. Journ. Geol. Sec. vol. xlv (1889) pp. 18 et seqq. 



11 'Geol. of Yorks Coalfield' Mem. Geol. Surv. 1878, p. 481 ; and 'Geol. of 

 Parts of Notts, Yorks, & Derby ' W. T. Aveline, Mem. Geol. Surv. 2nd ed. 

 (1880) pp. 12 & 26. 



12 Trans. Fed. Inst. Min. Eng. vol. x (1896) p. 202. 



Q.J. G. S, No. 221. 



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