Tol. 56.] STRUCTURE OF THE MALVERN" AND ABBERLEY HILLS. 191 



the Haffield Breccia, strike up against the junction. Moreover, 

 according to niv experience, nowhere do the Triassic beds, as they 

 are traced towards the hills, assume a marginal character comparable 

 with that of the Keuper Marls in the Tortworth and Bristol districts 

 (Dolomitic Conglomerate). The more frequent occurrence of sand- 

 stones and breccias close to the hills is due to the rise of the older and 

 coarser beds (Haffield Breccia and Bunter Sandstone) towards the 

 west, owing to post-Liassic elevation of the Ranges. The combined 

 effect of this movement and of those along the transverse lines, to 

 which reference has just been made, has resulted in bringing up 

 to the surface the coarser beds in certain localities, supposed by 

 Phillips to indicate former bays along the old coast-line. 1 Thus, the 

 more frequent occurrence of sandstones and breccias close to the hills 

 is no proof of the proximity of a shore-line in that direction. 



With regard to the nature of the materials in the Haffield 

 Breccia and the Trias, after making extensive collections from various 

 localities in the neighbourhood of the Malvern and Abberley Hills, 

 I have come to the conclusion that these materials are not such 

 an assemblage as could have been derived from the denudation of 

 those hills. It is true that a relatively small proportion of the 

 fragments agree closely with rocks seen there, but they may well 

 have been derived from other similarly-constituted lands, such as 

 those of the neighbouring ' Mercian Highlands ' of Mr. Wickham 

 King, which in early Triassic and in pre-Triassic times may have 

 been almost, or quite, continuous with the eastern side of the 

 Malverns. It is to be hoped that further light will be thrown on 

 the lithological aspect of the problem in Mr. King's forthcoming 

 memoir on the fragments of the Haffield Breccia and Trias of the 

 Western Midlands, in view of which the question is not discussed here. 

 A careful search along the eastern side of the whole of the 

 Malverns, and in that portion of the Abberley Range near Cowleigh 

 Park, Storridge, Alfrick, Knightwick, Ankerdine, Martley, and the 

 whole of the range north of this point, failed to reveal any evidence 

 of direct superposition of the Trias upon the Lower Palaeozoic or 

 Archaean rocks of the chain. The whole of the evidence seen 

 appeared to be compatible with the view that the junction is a fault. 

 If the evidence given in pp. 183-91 of this paper be accepted, 

 the depressed position of the New Red Sandstone (and Permian) 

 on the eastern side of the ranges can be explained only by the 

 assumption of post-Liassic faulting. 



The fault-breccia is known to occur at three spots along the 

 Malvern Range. It was evidently seen in the Malvern Tunnel by 

 Symonds & Lambert. 2 It is still visible on the eastern side of 

 Midsummer Hill, 3 and is well exposed in the large quarry at 

 Malvern Link. In each of the two last-named localities it consists 



1 Mem. Geol. Surv. vol. ii (1848) pt. i, pp. 113, 132. 



2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvii (18bl) pp. 153, 155. 



3 Ibid. vol. lv (1899) p. 138. 



