258 ME. F. CHAPMAN ON FORAMINIFERA FROM [May I9OO, 



The tests of the foraminifera are infilled with a crystalline sub- 

 stance, which is broken up or traversed in all directions by cracks. 

 In the examples of Spirillina the cracks often extend from wall to 

 wall nearly at right angles to the surface, so that at first sight this 

 might give rise to a false impression of septation within the tubular 

 shell. A little careful study, however, will convince the observer that 

 these are simply cracks, and therefore quite a secondary structure. 



Description of the Forms. 



The determinations of the various forms given in this paper are 

 as near as it is possible to make them, from a mere outline of the 

 test seen in section ; but the structure preserved here and there has 

 been of some assistance. 



Family LAGENID^J. 

 Subfamily LAGENLN^E. 

 La gen a, Walker & Boys. 

 Lagena ljeyis (Montagu). (PI. XV, fig. 2.) 



Vermiculum lave, Montagu, 1803, 'Test. Brit.' p. 524; Lagena Icevis (Montagu) 

 Brady, 1884, Chall. Rep. vol. ix, p. 455 & pi. lvi, figs. 7-14, 30. 



Several examples, closely resembling that figured, occur in the 

 Malvern limestone. The species has been previously recorded from 

 beds as old as Silurian (Wenlock Limestone), and its range extends 

 throughout most of the fossiliferous strata up to recent times. 



The Cambrian examples measure about y^ inch in length, being 

 smaller than the recent specimens in the ratio of 1 : 1-6. 



Lagena apiculata (Reuss). (PI. XV, fig. 3.) 



Oolina apiculata, Reuss, 1850, Haidiiiger's Naturwiss. Abhandl. vol. iv, p. 22 & 

 pi. i [ii], fig. 1 ; Lagena apiculata (Reuss) Brady, 1884, Chall. Rep. vol. ix, p. 453 & 

 pi. lvi, figs. 4, 15-18. 



The earliest record of this species dates from the Lias. 



Our specimens are slightly smaller than other known examples 

 from later deposits. The species is very rare in the limestone 

 from the Malverns. 



Lagena ovum (Ehrenberg). (PI. XV, fig. 4.) 



Miliola ovum, Ehi'enberg, 1843, Monatsber. k. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 

 p. 166 ; id. 1854, ' Mikrogeologie,' pi. xxiii, fig. 2, pi. xxix, fig. 45 & pi. xxxi, fig. 4 ; 

 Lagena ovum (Ehreub.) Brady, 1884, Chall. Rep. vol. ix, p. 454 & pi. lvi, fig. 5. 



This species has been hitherto known from oeds as old as the 

 Lower Lias, and it continues to the present day. 



The specimen here figured (the only one found) is of the same 

 proportionate size, compared with the recent specimen figured by 

 Brady, as Lagena Icevis was with the recent form previously men- 

 tioned. The specimen under notice appears to show traces of an 

 entosolenian orifice. 



