Yd. 56.] THE GEOLOGY OE GILGIT. 357 



takes the place of felspar. Another sample contains magnetite and 

 pink garnet, in addition to the other minerals. All have suffered 

 greatly from pressure. 



Five of the specimens from the same cliff (Gaisheli) appear to be 

 shattered and sheared granites. In two of them the quartz 

 and felspar have been sheared into lenticular strips, and the felspars 

 and muscovite form eyes, and end in strings of silvery mica. The 

 other slices show more or less marks of crush and shearing. 



One specimen is a coarse-grained quartz quite free from 

 signs of crushing, and is probably due to the infiltration of heated 

 siliceous water after the earth-movements which disturbed this region 

 had subsided. 



A cliff east of Gich (30th milestone west of Gilgit) contains 

 schistose epidiorites which do not call for detailed description. At 

 Gich itself the Hatu Pir Granite and a mica-schist come in. The 

 former gives evidence of pressure, but none of shearing, and there 

 is no approach to parallelism of structure. A cliff farther on, 

 immediately east of Singal (35 miles west of Gilgit), yielded four 

 samples of fine-grained dark grey amphibolites. 



At Soma (Suma), at the 56th milestone from Gilgit, compact 

 greyish -white to cream-coloured calcareous rocks come in. 

 They are somewhat hard under the knife. The microscope shows them 

 to be microgranular in structure, and they contain grains of calcite 

 scattered through them. The analysis of one sample showed that 

 it contains 75 per cent, of silica, and about 20 per cent, of calcium 

 carbonate, with a little of the carbonates of iron and magnesia. 

 €apt. Roberts thinks that these beds represent the Nilt-Hini 

 Limestones of the Gilgit-Kilik Pass section, as he found beds 

 corresponding to the Nilt-Hini Limestone in the intervening valley 

 of Ashkurman, to be described on p. 358. I think myself that the 

 beds more probably represent the c ale-schist near Gwech, already 

 described (p. 350). Soma and Gwech are on the same line of strike, 

 and are at a somewhat lower horizon than the Nilt-Hini Beds. 

 Moreover, the Soma rocks are compact, while those of Nilt-Hini 

 are pure crystalline calcite. 



Between Gukuch and Gupis the following succession is ob- 

 served: — Mica-diorite ; the Baltit Hornblende-Granite ; amphibolites. 

 Two of the amphibolites are micaceous as well as hornblendic. 

 One shows the junction of two kinds of rocks. In one biotite is 

 very abundant, and it appears to have passed over by diffusion into 

 its neighbour, the biotite becoming less in amount as the distance 

 from the micaceous rock increases. The other shows strong 

 parallelism in the orientation of the hornblende, and contains a 

 little biotite. The amphibolites are all dark-grey compact rocks, 

 and one of them, macroscopically considered, might almost pass for 

 a basalt. Magnetite is abundant in some of them : it is sometimes 

 idiomorphic. 



Upon the amphibolites follows a rock which I hesitate to call 

 definitely an ash, but it has somewhat the appearance of one. It 

 is fine-grained, contains fragments of many different kinds of rocks, 



