480 MLSS E. M. K. WOOD ON THE LOWER LUDLOW ■ [May I9OOV 



The curves of the polypary vary greatly in different fragments, 

 some showing the proximal extremity with a double curvature like 

 that of Monograptus Nilssoni, while others are concavely curved 

 throughout and bear the thecaa on the concave side. The more 

 distal fragments are first gently curved, and finally straight. Per- 

 fectly straight fragments 7'6 cm. (3 inches) long have been found, 

 showing that the complete polypary was probably some 12*7 to 

 15*2 cm. (5 to 6 inches) long. 



Affinities. — This form is clearly identical with Tullberg's 

 Swedish species, and although it has never previously been described 

 and figured in England, it was recorded by Prof. Lapworth as early 

 as 1880. 1 It is a very clearly defined species, and there is little 

 difficulty in its correct identification. Jsekel's Pomatograptus BecJci 

 is most probably referable to this species, and he himself says that it 

 is known as M. scanicus in Sweden. Prof. Freeh's view 2 that Jsekel's 

 species is referable rather to M. cygneus, Tbrnq., which he regards as 

 a synonym of M. scanicus conditioned by stratigraphical differences 

 only, may here be mentioned. 



Foreign Localities. — Sweden (Knashufvud, Ask, Rofvare- 

 kulan,Djurrod, and many places in South-eastern Scania); Grapto- 

 lithengestein (Brandenburg, Bostock, Konigsberg, etc.) ; Polnisches 

 Mittelgebirge ; Northern France. 



British Localities. — Ludlow district (Elton Lane, Elton- 

 Evenhay Lane, Elton-Ludlow Road, etc.) ; Builth (Aberedw Hill) ; 

 Abberley Hills ; Long Mountain ? 



Horizon. — In Britain M. scanicus occurs in the M.-Nilssoni and 

 M. -scanicus zones. In Sweden it is found in the Cardiola-Skiffer, 

 and in France in beds containing Cardiola interrupta. 



Associates. — M. bohemicus, M. Nilssoni, M.dubius, M. chimcera 

 and its var. a. M. Rcemeri, and M. varians var. pumilus, etc. 



Monograptus crinitus, sp. nov. (PI. XXV, figs. 26 a & 26 b 

 and text-fig. 23, p. 481.) 



Polypary probably reached many inches in length, but is only 

 preserved in a fragmentary condition, some of the fragments, however, 

 being 5 to 7 - 5 cm. (2 to 3 inches) long. Occurs covering the 

 surface of the rock like a thick mass of hairs. Maximum width of the 

 hair-like polypary, even at the aperture of the theca=only *38 mm. 

 (•015 inch), while it may be as little as -19 mm. (-007 inch). 

 Between the apertures of the thecae the width is considerably less. 

 Polypary curved in various directions, some fragments being nearly 

 straight, others concavely curved ventrally ; but as a rule there is 

 a distinct convex curvature, the thecse occurring on the concave side. 



Proximal Extremity . — The polypary becomes so extremely 

 slender at the proximal extremity that it is very difficult to identify 

 the sicula with certainty ; it appears, however, to be similar to 



1 ' Geological Distribution of the Rhabdophora ' Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, 

 ser. 5, vol. v, p. 369. 



2 ' Lethsea Geognostica ' vol. i, pt. iii (1897) p. 644. 



