Vol. 56.] LIMESTONES FEOM KATHIAWAE, ETC. 569* 



thickness, and extends in all directions over the plain to within a mile of the sea. 

 It contains a great number of organic remains, consisting chiefly of casts of small 

 bivalves. ... It fills the inland extremities and crevices of the fissures which 

 . . . extend through this plain to the sea, and there contain very large perfect 

 shells ; and adherent to the side of the group of granite-hills at the bottom 

 of the bay is a large mass of it, the upper part of which is 30 feet above the 

 level of the sea. Here it presents a vast quantity of corals with large shells 

 of Hippopus, Ostrea, etc. All these shells have lost their animal matter, and 

 are more or less friable and pulverulent. This formation in its more subtle 

 material closely corresponds with the miliolitic 'deposit of Eas Abu Ashrin r 

 and when we have proceeded a little onwards from the igneous rocks, we shall 

 find its composition and appearance almost identical with it ' : [4] A p. 57 & 

 B p. 590. 



Over the plain of Dofar 



' is spread a continuation of the miliolite we have seen capping the plain at 

 Marbat . . . but it is more uniform in its composition and more free from dark 

 patches of the igneous rocks. Hence it closely resembles the "miliolite" at 

 Ras Abu Ashrin ' : [4] A p. 61 & B p. 595. 



Against the upper part of the limestoDe-cliff, in front of the western 

 end of the same plain, 



' rests the miliolitic deposit of Dofar, 6 or 8 feet above high water, and filling 

 many holes . . . made by lithodomous animals, and containing oysters of the 

 same kind as those of a bed close by ' : [4] A p. 62 & B p. 596. 



Similar occurrences are noted in other localities along the coast ; 

 but in no case are shells reported at a greater height than 40 feet,- 

 or borings higher than 30 feet above sea-level, though the deposit 

 in several places reaches a height of 100 feet, and at Makalla 

 Carter believed, on the evidence of fallen blocks, that it existed at 

 a height of 1300 feet above the sea ; see [4] A p. 82 & B p. 615. 



He subsequently [6, 7] described the occurrence of ' miliolite ' 

 in several localities on the Persian Gulf. In the islands known as 

 the Great and Little Tombs and Farur, 1 west of Xishm at the 

 eastern end of the Gulf, the ' miliolite ' contains several species of 

 lamellibranchs, including a large cancellated Lucina said to occur 

 also at Marbat, 2 a small Echinus, corals, and other fossils. 3 



YI. The Conditions under which the Deposits in the Neigh- 

 bourhood of the Arabian Sea were formed. 



I now proceed to discuss the circumstances under which the 

 rocks to which I have referred were deposited. Very little con- 

 sideration is required to bring us to the conclusion that they cannot 

 all have been laid down in exactly the same manner, or even by the 

 same agency. 



Where, as in the case of the hill-deposits of Kach described by 



1 Sometimes called Polior or Pelior. It must not be confounded with 

 the smaller island, Nabiyu Farur (Nobflure) on the south. Surree, another 

 locality for miliolite in the same neighbourhood, is now spelt Seri. 



2 Venus puerpera ; see [4] A p. 58 & B p. 591. 



3 In these papers Carter seems to regard the 'miliolite' as Miocene, 

 contrary to his views expressed elsewhere. 



