Vol. 56.] J30LIAN SANDS OP KATHIAWAE. 585 



sand of marine origin, mixed with a varying proportion of mineral 

 detritus from adjacent hills. It is possible that some of the 

 Kathiawar calcareous rocks may have been deposited in shallow 

 water, but there is no satisfactory evidence of this in any of the 

 specimens that I have had an opportunity of examining. 



"With regard to the age of these rocks, I do not think that they 

 can be older than late Pliocene, and there is nothing in the general 

 character of the organic remains which is inconsistent with a stiD 

 more recent origin. 



From the Porbandar limestone Dr. Carter obtained very perfect 

 brown casts of the foraminifera, by treating the rock with acid, and 

 these casts he compares with those described by Mantell under the 

 name of molluskite (loc. cit.). It is quite probable that in all 

 those cases where the body-cavities in organisms are infilled with 

 limonitic and haematitic substances, or with the yellow, brown, or 

 green varieties of glauconite, that the decomposing animal matter 

 within the test has started the reaction which results in the 

 deposition of the mineral ; but it hardly appears correct to suppose 

 that the actual sarcode-body of the animal has become mineralized 

 as these authors suggest, since the sarcode or other organic sub- 

 stance would certainly shrink on the death of the organism, and not 

 fill the cavity. The specimen of rock in the present series which 

 best shows these casts is that marked III, 165 A, from near the 

 Girnar Hills (p. 586). 



In the following description of the various specimens examined, I 

 give the reference-numbers placed upon them by Dr. Evans. 



I, 283Q; near the Girnar Hills, about 30 miles from 

 the sea. — A pinkish or cream-coloured calcareous sandstone, look- 

 ing somewhat like a fine-grained Bath oolite. It is quite friable, 

 and small pieces can be reduced to powder by pressure with the 

 fingers. This rock, seen in thin 'sections under the microscope, is 

 composed of granules for the most part of an organic nature, but 

 with a fair proportion of mineral particles : the latter are described 

 by Dr. Evans (see p. 564). The grains average about 1*5 mm. in 

 diameter, and are embedded in a minutely granular matrix of calcite. 

 The foraminifera are well seen in the section, and associated with 

 these are some more or less flaky pieces of molluscan shells often 

 filled with the borings of a thread-like alga or fungus, and some 

 spines of echinoderms. 



The crushed material from this rock has yielded the following- 

 species of foraminifera, much worn and polished, apparently by 

 aeolian action : — 



Miliolina trigonula (Lamarck). Common. 

 Miliolina sp. near oblonga (Montagu). Frequent. 

 Discorbina Berthelotiana (d'Orb.). Rare. 

 Truncatulina Ungeriana (d'Orb.). Rare. 

 Bulvinulina repanda (F. & M.). Frequent. 



elegans (d'Orb.). Rare. 



Botalia orbicularis (d'Orb.). Rare. 

 Beccarii (Linn.). Rare. 



