Vol. 56.] CEYLON ROCKS AND GRAPHITE. 613 



[5] 1849. Kelaart, E. F. Notes on the Geology of Ceylon : Laterite-Formation 



— Fluviatile Deposits of Nuwara Eliya' Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Ceylon 



Branch, vol. ii, No. 5, pp. 210-19. 

 [6] 1860. Tennent, Sir James Emerson. 'Ceylon.' 4th ed. London, 2 vols. 8vo. 

 [7] 1860. Richthofen, Baron Ferdinand von. 'Bemerkungen uber Ceylon ' 



Zeitschr. d. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch. vol. xii, pp. 523-31. 

 [8] 1871. Nevill, H. ' Notes on the Geological Origin of S.W. Ceylon, together 



with its Relation to the Rest of the Island ' Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Ceylon 



Branch, vol. v, No. 16, pp. 11-20 with map. 

 [9] 1876. ' Ceylon.' By an Officer of the late Ceylon Rifles. London. 

 [10] 1880. Dixon, A. C. 'The Rocks & Minerals of Ceylon ' Journ. Roy. Asiat. 



Soc. Cevlon Branch, vol. vi, No. 22, p. 39. 

 [11] 1881. Dixon, A. C. ' Gold in Ceylon ' ibid. vol. vii, No. 23, pp. 12-14. 

 [12] 1885. Ferguson, A. M. ' Plumbago, with Special Reference to the Position 



occupied by the Mineral in the Commerce of Ceylon, & the Question 



discussed of the Alleged Existence in the Island of the Allied Substance 



Anthracite ' ibid. vol. ix, No. 31, pp. 171-266. 

 [13] 1885. Trimen, H. ' Remarks on the Composition, Geographical Affinities, & 



Origin of the Ceylon Flora ' ibid. pp. 139-59. 

 [14] 1887. Sandberg-er, F. von. ' Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Graphits von Ceylon 



und seiner Begleiter ' Neues Jahrb. vol. i. pp. 12-16. 

 [15] 1887. Ferguson, A. M.& J. ' Ceylon Handbook & Directory.' Colombo, 8vo. 

 [16] 1888. Ferguson, A. M. 'Gold, Gems, & Pearls in Ceylon.' London & 



Colombo. 

 [17] 1889. Lacroix, A. ' Contributions a l'Etude des Gneiss a Pyroxene et des 



Roches a Wernerite ' Bull. Soc. franc. Min. vol. xii, chap, vii, pp. 282-350. 

 [18] 1889. Walther, Johannes. 'Ueber Graphitgange in zersetztem Gneiss 



(Laterit) von Ceylon' Zeitschr. d. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch. vol. xii, 



pp. 359-64. 

 [19] 1882. Busz, K. ' Mittheilungen aus dem Mineralogischen Museum der 



Universitat Bonn ' Zeitschr. fur Kryst. vol. xv, p. 616. 

 [20] 1890. Modder, F. H. ' The Animal-shaped Rocks of Kurunegala ' Journ. 



Roy. Asiat. Soc. Ceylon Branch, vol. xi, No. 40, pp. 377-425. 

 [21] 1891. Foote, R. B. Translation of [18] pars, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 



vol. xxiv, pp. 42-45. 

 [22] 1891. Mallet, F. R. Translation of [17], Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol. xxiv, 



pp. 155-200 & pi. iii. 

 [23] 1892. Dick, A. ' On Geikielite, a New Mineral from Ceylon ' Min. Mag. 



vol. x, pp. 145-47. 

 [24] 1892. Fletcher, L. ' On Baddeleyite (Native Zirconia), a New Mineral from 



Rakwana, Ceylon' ibid. pp. 148-60. 

 [25] 1893. Rauef, Hermann. ' Ueber angebliche Spongien aus dem Archaicum ' 



Neues Jahrb. vol. ii. pp. 57-67. 

 [26] 1893. Prior, G. T. ' Fergusonite from Ceylon ' Min. Mag. vol. x, pp. 234-38. 

 [27] 1896. Zirkel, A. ' Ceylon — Vortrag gehalten im Yerein fur Erdkunde zu 



Leipzig am 5ten Februar.' 

 [28] 1897. Modder, F. H. 'A Geological & Mineralogical Sketch of the North- 

 western Province, Ceylon ' Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Ceylon Branch, vol. xv, 



No. 48, pp. 39-79. 

 [29] 1897. Melzi, G. ' Sopra alcune Rocce dell' Isola di Ceylan ' Rendic. R. 1st. 



Lomb. di Scienze e Lsttere, ser. 2, vol. xxx, pp. 89-102. 

 [30] 1898. Diersche, Max. ' Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gesteine und Graphit- 



vorkommnisse Ceylons ' Jahrb. d. k.-k. Reichsanst. vol. xlviii, pp. 231-88 



& pi. vii. 



YI. Summary. 



Ceylon is surrounded by raised beaches, and has been elevated 

 in recent geological times; fluviatile deposits also occur. 

 The gems for which the island is famous are obtained from 

 gravels in the Katnapura district. With the exception of 

 these quite recent deposits, the island probably consists entirely 

 of ancient crystalline rocks, which may be considered 

 Archaean in the absence of any evidence to the contrary. 



