720 ME. F. W. HARMEU ON THE CRAG OF ESSEX. [NOV. I9OO, 



Columbella sulcata, Nassa elegans, Natica catenoides, Trochus Adan- 

 soni, and Nucula laevigata ; Cardium Parhinsoni and Mactra 

 arcuata are present, but are not so strikingly abundant as they are 

 in Essex. On the other hand, Cardium angustatum, a distinctive 

 form of the Suffolk Crag, exceedingly rare in the Waltonian beds, is 

 very common at Felixstowe, as are Mactra ovalis and M. constricta, 

 unknown from Walton. The Tellince (T. obliqua and T. prcetenuis) 

 form at Felixstowe a distinguishing feature of the Crag, although 

 they do not occur in such extraordinary profusion as in beds 

 farther north ; Artemis lentiformis is comparatively rare, and is 

 not often found perfect. Nucula Cobboldice, 1 so characteristic of 

 the later horizons, begins there to make its appearance, with an 

 occasional specimen of Leda oblongoides. The existing variety of 

 Purpura lapillus is abundant, and P. tetragona comparatively less 

 so. Neptunea antiqua (dextral) is fairly cpiriinon, though its sinistral 

 representative still outnumbers it, perhaps by 6 to 1. I do not 

 think that any one going direct from Little Oakley to Felixstowe 

 could fail to recognize the difference between the two deposits. 



The Felixstowe Crag closely resembles that of Waldringfield and 

 the country lying between the Rivers Orwell and Deben, on the 

 one hand, and that of Sutton, Ramsholt, and Shottisham, west of 

 the Deben, on the other, with which, therefore, as proposed by 

 Wood, it. may be grouped, although the list of species recorded 

 from Waldringfield, Foxhall, and Sutton, seems of a slightly older 

 character than that from Felixstowe. For this division I propose 

 the term Newbournian, 2 from Newbourn, the well-known Crag 

 locality, where the 20-foot section, | mile north-east of the church, 

 shows obliquely-bedded shelly sand, much of it dipping south-south- 

 westward. 



Among other boreal species characteristic of the later horizons of 

 the Red Crag, which are more abundant at this zone than at W T alton, 

 may be mentioned Scalaria grosnlandica, Admete viridula, Modiola 

 modiolus, and Astarte compressa ; Littorina littorea appears at this 

 stage for the first time, as does the northern form Natica helicoides. 



The only exposures of the sheet of Crag which, overlain by Glacial 

 deposits, appears to cover the country between the Stour and the 

 Orwell, that have received any attention from collectors, are at 

 Bentley and Tattingstone ; but the fauna contained in them has not 

 at present been worked out, and the exact horizon to which they 

 should be referred cannot therefore be finally determined. S. V. 

 Wood believed, however, that the Bentley deposit, while newer than 

 that of Walton, was older than any other part of the Suffolk Crag. 



The Crag of Butley, containing a still larger number of northern, 

 with a smaller proportion of southern species, must, I think, be 



1 I found no trace of this shell during my many visits to Beaumont and 

 Little Oakley. 



2 I prefer Newbournian as a name to Suttonian, for Sutton is also 

 a well-known Coralline Crag locality. 



