hs 6 ree ‘s pudvinad me Ph iy siological Botany. 
a One be oa 
= iy? 4 a fi be Y r TS 
) . \ mA , bes " ae 
3 of piagioley. and a great many pioneers of science cena 
themselves with their solution; among whom may be es- _ 
pecially mentioned Hales (0b. 1761), Bonnet (0b. 1793), 
Duhamel (04. 1781), Priestley (0d. 1804), and Ingenhousz — vee 
(2. 1799). 
- Reference must not be omitted to the fact that the poet 
von Humboldt (04. 1859), at the commencement of this 
century, to put the study of the geography of plants into a 
scientific shape. Paleeophytology was advanced especially 
by Brongniart (vd. 1876), Unger, Goppert, &c. We must, 
) Goethe established the science of morphology on a firmer — 
basis by his writings ; and that it was reserved for Alexander _ 
however, refrain from entering into detail with regard to the . 
~ labours of our own contemporaries ; and will only name the 
- most eminent recent German botanists who have not hitherto 
been mentioned, vzz., among others, De Bary, Caspary, 
Pringsheim, Rabenhorst, Sachs, and Schwendener. ! 
* [The dates, which do not in all cases agree exactly with those 
stated by the author, are given on the authority of Sachs, in his ‘ Ge- 
‘Dippel, Hanstein, Hartig, Hildebrand, Hoffmann, Hof- 
-meister, Karsten, von Martius (0d. 1868), Milde, Nageli, 
schichte-der Botanik.’ As the author has given most prominence to 
German botanists, it may be allowed to name the following in addition, 
as worthy of mention. Among systematists Ray (0d. 1705) holds an © 
important place; and the present comparative perfection of our system - 
of classification is due largely to Lindley (0d. 1865), and Bentham. 
Vegetable anatomy owes much to the observations and publications of 
/ : 
A. St. Hilaire (0. 1853), Robert Brown (0d. 1858), Sir W. Hooker — 
(05. 1865), Payer, Cohn, Dr. J. D. Hooker, Asa Gray, and Berkeley ; 
physiology to C. C. Sprengel (04. 1816), Boussingault, and Darwin, — 
~—EDp.] 
Pan 
