-cellular plants the cells are arranged in 
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: Pipe eine on the plum, and are sometimes dense agglo-- 
merations of rods or needles, as on the leaf of the rye, some- 
times simple coatings of granules, as on the ‘ frosted’ leaves 
of many lilies ; sometimes as coatings of rods which stand 
vertically on the surface of the cuticle, as on the leaves of 
the banana ; or finally as incrustations, as in Opuntia. 
CLA PEER: ArT. 
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT. OUT OF CELLS. 
ALL plants consist entirely of cells and of the products of 
the formation and transformation of cells, which are hence 
of cells, which take part in the construc- 
Only a few plants belonging to the class 
called the elementary organs of the plant. 
of Algee (Fig. 81) [and Fungi] are unicel- 
lular ; by far the larger number consist of 
many, and most of an innumerable number 
tion of the plant. In the simplest multi- 
filaments, z.¢., in simple rows one above 
another, as in the filamentous Alge and 
many Fungi (see Fig. L,, Ds 7): Those aT€ Jar Alga, Botrydium 
more highly organised which consist of — gg7giy* Gee 
plates of cells arranged in a single layer, as 
occurs also in certain Algze, ¢.g. the Ulvaceze (Fig. 82). But | 
by far the most common structure is for the plant to be 
composed of masses of cells radiating from one another in 
all directions. ‘The course of development of this mass of 
cells exhibits the following variations in the different sections 
of the vegetable kingdom. 
In the higher flowerless plants the moon cell of an em- 
bryo or shoot breaks up into several cells of unequal value. 
The cell which remains at the apex; or apical cell, may be 
; The Cell as a Member of a Group. ei 
Fic. 81.—A unicellu- 
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