Bau ‘ WS ty a ORs et ad ay ef ak heed Be eon alike FV. fa A ee Oe ae”. * ‘ef d 
) As i A yr\e * y 4 4 f t= he Ps ay et Mo A a , Wad MG ce es, 
ie: ine - ‘ pie) Piel : fg Ne + Ye Re She 47, ie iS ‘ ne bieins hak 
ye - ” pa }y, Z ‘eS 9 y* te r 
98 ~~ ~—— Structural and Physiological Botany. = 
> » 
ve re the => 
ste ba 
without incisions of any kind. In the great majority there 
are either smaller notches which affect only the margin, or — 
/ 
‘ 
ii 
parr NG 
Fic. 167. — Emarginate Fic. 168.—Dentate ovate Fic. 169.—Serrate leaf of » — 
leaf of Amaranthus. leaf of the guelder-rose, Lamium. : 
Viburnum Opulus. ' . 
deeper incisions which cause the leaf to assume a different 
form, or both may occur on the same leaf. In reference to 
the margin, the leaf may be evdzre [without notches of any 
a 
s - 
Fic. .170.—Part of the bi- Fic. 171.—Ciliate leaf of Fic. 172.—Spiny leafof — “ 
errate leaf of the elm. the beech. the holly. i 
kind, as in all Grasses, Caryophyllacez, Vinca, &c.]; dentate 
(Fig. 168) [when the teeth are sharp and point outwards 4 
with concave edges], serrate (Fig. 169) [when the teeth are 
