The External Form of Plants. 99 
sharp and point forwards towards the apex like the teeth of 
a saw]; diserrate (Fig. 170); crenate (Fig. 159) [when the 
teeth are rounded off with convex edges]; or vepand [when 
the marginis wavy]. A leafis ccdzaze (Fig. 171) [when fringed 
with hairs on the margin], spzzy (Fig. 172) [when ‘the teeth 
are long and very sharp], rough or scadrous when provided 
with small scarcely visible roughnesses. 
If the margin of a leaf or leaflet is more deeply cut than © 
is indicated by the terms just mentioned, it is zzczsed, and ~ 
_ pinnatisect 1f the divisions extend i 
[very nearly] to the mid-rib (Fig. ~ CA, 
174); palmatisect if they extend [very we : 
nearly] to the base of the leaf (Fig. \\ 
173) ; pennatipartite and palmati-— 2 a 
partite (Fig. 183, p. 102) respectively ees SA 
if the incisions do not extend quite 
Fic. 173.—Palmatisect leafofthemonks- + Fic. 174.—Pinnatisect leaf of 
ood, Aconitum. the common poppy, Pagaver 
Rheas. 3 
so far; and pennatifid and palmatifid when they extend about — 
half-way from the margin to the mid-rib or base of the leaf. 
If the divisions of a palmatifid leaf are five in number, it is » 
called palmate (Fig. 181, p. 102). Special modifications of the 
pinnatifid leaf are the rwzcinate (Fig. 175), where the points of 
the large central lobes are reflexed ; Zyrate (Fig. 176), where 
the terminal lobe is much the largest, 2nd the others decrease 
H 2 
