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’ “110 iy | s ruptured ‘and Physiological Botany. 
sometimes very thinly scattered, when [if they are node oe 
- stiff] the part which they cover is said to be sefose or hispid, — 
hirsute |when the hairs are longer], pubescent, or villous 
[when the hairs are thicker and softer, according as they 
are shorter or longer |; sz/ky [when they are very long and — 
delicate] as in the young leaves of the aspen; zoo//y as in 
some species of Primula ; tomentose as on the underside of 
the leaves of the aspen, or floccose, as in Verbascum Thapsus 
[when they are very dense and interwoven, according to the 
coarseness of the hairs and the thickress of the coat which 
they form]. Sometimes, as in the stinging-nettle (Fig. 88, 
p. 62), the hair contains an acrid fluid, and-is then called a 
sting ; if the fluid, on the other hand, is viscid [or oily], it 
is termed a glandular hair (Fig. 92, p. 63). Closely con- 
nected with these are g/ands, organs which do not assume the 
form of a hair, but, like glandular hairs, secrete a fluid which 
causes the surface to become viscous or glutinous as in 
Lychnis viscaria (see also p. 63). Mention should be made 
finally of scales [or peltate hairs|, peculiar flattened_ hairlike 
structures, such as occur on the leaves of Lveagnus (Fig. 91, 
p. 63), and Azppophaé rhamnoides. 
\ THE FLOWER. 
The flower is the organ [or rather assemblage of organs] 
~ the purpose of which is the production of the seed. It is 
therefore the reproductive organ of the plant, and is mor- 
-phologically a branchlet provided with leaves of peculiar form. 
The more or less perfect development of the flower- 
‘Stalk determines whether the flower is pedzcellate (stalked) or 
sessile. 
Some parts of the flower are essential, others non- 
essential, according as they are ipdispensable or not for its 
main purpose, the production of the seed. The non-es- 
sential parts, which are always exterior, form together the 
floral envelopes or Zerzanth, and are separately the “a and © 
