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146 Structural and Physiological Botany. ~~ 
BUS saber vers 
straight, and the micropyle.is exactly opposite the base of Bie. 
the ovule (Fig. 300, 1) ; campylotropous, in which the nucleus 
is curved so as to bring the micropyle near the base (Fig. 3 
300, 111) ; and azatropous, where the ovule is itself inverted so 
as also to bring the micropyle near the base, but the nucleus - 
remains straight (Fig. 300, 11). [The last is by far the most ~ 
common form of the ovule ; illustrations of ‘the first are  — 
afforded by Polygonaceze ; of the second by Caryophyllacez. _ 
The point where the nucleus and integuments coalesce is 
called the cha/aza; in the anatropous ovule this is at the 
opposite end to the Az/um (the part of the ovule which is at- 
tached to the placenta), and is connected with it by a fibro- 
vascular bundle, g, called the raphe}. 
tropous (or atropous), in which the ovule and. nucl 
THE FRUIT. 
The fruit is the result of the development of the ovary ; 
_ but is usually formed only after the fertilisation of the ovules, 
and, when mature, encloses the seeds which have developed 
from the ovules. Hence the product of an inflorescence, 
such as a bunch of grapes, is not properly a fruit, but rather 
a group of fruits, each separate berry or grape being a 
distinct fruit. Collections of fruits of this kind, resulting 
| | from the maturity of inflorescences, are 
termed syzcarps or multiple fruits, and may be 
classified under racemes, spikes, umbels, &c. 
It is also not uncommon for other parts of © 
the flower besides the ovary to unite with it 
in the formation of the so-called ‘fruit’ ; and 
such similitudes of true fruits are called 
eae ae ae pseudocarps. ‘The rose-hip, for example, is 
pety. a pseudocarp, because it results partly from 
the development of the calyx-tube, each little ‘ stone’ which 
is enclosed in it being a- mature ovary. The strawberry | 
(Fig. 301) is also of this character, the succulent sapid mass 
being a portion of the receptacle which has become fleshy, _ 
while the small so-called ‘seeds’ which are imbedded in its 
