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, rious 
Special M orphology and Classification. 207 
leaves, which are all on the upper side, there is a third row 
-of smaller leaves (Figs. 424 11, 425), the amphigastria, 
adpressed to the under side of the stem. The Hepatice 
Fic. 422.—Marchantia polymorpha; I. thallus with five antheridial receptacles 
(natural size); II. thallus with an archegonial receptacle (natural size); III. 
elater-celi with a continuous doubly spiral thread or elater (x 200); IV. arche- 
gonium ; a central cell, 6 oosphere with nucleus, c neck (x 200). 
never have true roots ; root-hairs or rhzzoids replace them 
both in position and in function. 
