. 
t 
cae Special Morphology and Classification, | 305 
is called a protonema, or thalloid, when it is a prothallium’; 
and on it the young plant is developed. | 
Besides the reproduction by spores, Mosses are also 
propagated asexually by gemme and by. stolons. ‘Those 
Fic. 420.—Andrecea alfpes- 
tris; theca bursting into 
four valves. 
Se ies eat 
ee 
Sire 
aa Sos Se SS 
Ry 
Fe SH 
woes 
7 
ise 
ae OS 
ss [ennte <2 
eno sod 
7 ick 
eet 
se 
Lt 
3 
5; m = 
o sss > old. 9 
Ui we 
i ANN 1 reas 
aia 
fi’ 
Fic. 428.-—funaria hygrometrica; 1. longitudinal Fic. 430.—Stoma of the 
section through the upper part of a plant with arche- theca of Hoxtinalis an- 
gonia @ and leaves (x 400); II. antheridium burst- tipyretica, with an inner 
ing, and allowing the antherozoids @ to escape and _ outer peristome 
(x 350). (after Schimper, x 30). 
forms in which the, growth is terminated by the production 
of antheridia or archegonia at the apex of the stem often 
exhibit prolification of the bud, as in Polytrichum (Fig. 
427 Iv.). Axillary buds by the side of the theca or of the 
antheridia often develope also by a process of renewal, 
forming growths known as zznovations. 
x 
