x : . ) ( - 7 “ “ k ee ae . we “ 
Av) ‘ ; 1 ‘ i We f af Y . 
348 Structural and Physiological Botany. 
of food in the South of Europe; several species of Carex are offi- ai J 
cinal. Papyrus antiguorum, the papyrus of Egypt and Sicily, was the ee 
first material used as paper. [Principal genera :—Papyrus, Cyperus, 
Eleocharis, Eriophorum, Scirpus, Isolepis, Schenus, Cladium, Rhyncho- 
spora, Carex.] 
lea 
ik 
Fic. 467.—I. Male flower, II. female flower of Carex (magnified). : 
DIVISION II. Flowers petaloid. Ovary inferior (with a few ex- 
ceptions). Pevianth usually distinct, in two rows, and coloured. 
[Cohort II. AMoMALES. Albumen (perisperm) floury ; embryo 
distinct ; flower usually hermaphrodite and very irregular; perianth 
of five or six segments ; stamens six, one or five with anthers, the rest 
petaloid, or all with anthers in Bromeliacez ; ovary usually trilocular ; 
fruit a berry or capsule. Tropical plants with large stalked leaves with 
broad lamina, the lateral veins at right angles to the mid-rib. ‘The 
cohort comprises the orders Cannacee (Canna, Maranta) ; Zingiberacee 
(Zingiber, Amomum, Alpinia); Musacee (Musa, Strelitzia); Bromeliacee 
(Bromelia, Tillandsia). , 
Cohort III. ORCHIDALES. Endosperm absent or cellular; embryo | 
very obscure; flower hermaphrodite and very irregular; perianth of 
six, rarely three, segments ; stamens one, two, or three, confluent with 
the style (gynandrous) ; fruit a capsule. 2 
Order 1. ORCHIDEA:; Stamens one or two, confluent with the 
style and stigma; ovary unilocular, rarely trilocular; seeds very 
