pe o’ 
oF Special Morphology and Classification. 301 
 filiform-branches, pubescent ; stigmatic bands separate, and not half as 
long as the branches of the style. Herbs with alternate leaves and a 
milky latex :—Catananche, Cichorium, Picris, Crepis, Hieracium, [Hy- 
pocheris, Leontodon, Taraxacum, Lactuca, Sonchus, Tragopogcn, 
Scorzonera, Scolymus. 
2. Labiatijiore. Corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers usually 
bilabiate ; of the male and female flowers ligulate or bilabiate :— 
MMutisia. 7 
3. Tubulifiore. Flowers sometimes all tubular, regular and her- 
maphrodite, rarely irregular and neuter, sometimes those of the disc 
tubular, of the ray ligulate, the former hermaphrodite, the latter female 
or neuter :—Vernonia, Eupatorium, Mikania, Solidago, Bellis, Aster, 
Evigeron, Conyza, Filago, Guaphalium, Helichrysum, /nula, Pulicaria, 
Siuphium, Xanthium, Zinnia, Rudbeckia, Helianthus, Coreopsis, 
Dahlia, Bidens, Achillea, Anthemis, Chrysanthemum, Matricaria, 
Tanacetum, Artemisia, Tussilago, Fetasites, Arnica, Doronicum, Cine- 
raria, Senecio, Calendula, Echinops, Carlina, Carduus, Cnicus, Ono- 
pordon, Cynara, Centaurea, Carthamus. | 
- Since the Compositze abound in latex, bitter principles, and volatile. 
oils, a large number of species are officinal, while others are of technical 
or economical value. Among the most important are the following :— 
the flowers of Arica montana ; chamomile flowers from MMatricaria 
Chamomilla and Anthems nobilis ; wormwood from Artemzsta chinensis 
and Adbsinthium ; coltsfoot from Zusstlago Farfara ; the leaves of Cnzcas 
- benedictus ; the roots of Lappa tomentosa, officinalis, and minor, and 
Anacyclus officinarum ; elecampane from Jnula Helenium ; taraxacum 
from Taraxacum officinale; absinthe from Artemista Absinthium ; 
the ethereal oil of the tansy, Zanacetum vulgare; the dried latex of | 
Lactuca virosa and sativa. Mikania Guaco of Central America is a 
remedy against snake-bites ; the crushed flower-buds of Pyrethrun¢ 
carneum from the Caucasus are used as an insecticide. Among culi- 
nary vegetables are the lettuce Lactuca sativa, endive Cichorium Endivia, 
tarragon Artemisia Dracunculus, chicory Cichorium Intybus, scorzonera 
Scorzonera hispanica, the Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus, and 
the artichoke Cynara Scolymus. The seeds of the sunflower, He/- 
anthus annuus, yield a useful oil, as does the fruit of Afadia sativa ; 
safflower is obtained from the flower-heads of Carthamus tinctorius. 
‘Everlastings’ are the dried flower-heads of species of Melichrysium 
and Guaphalium, and G. leontopodium is the ‘ Edelweiss’ of the Alps. 
The common marigold is a species of Calendula. 
[To this cohort belong also Valerianacee (Valeriana, Centranthus, 
Fedia) ; and Dipsacacee (Dipsacus, Knautia, Scabiosa). 
