cp > Me ae a 7 ty Sg Rp i wees if _—, 4 oe oe ~~ mn. ee et See ee | .«. 2 ae 
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<904" | Structural ond Paysiolape ical Bo atany. ae 
are 
cui stipules ; the second has opposite leaves and a ainlliloeaeenee 
ovary with numerous seeds ; the third opposite leaves and a bilocular 
two-seeded ovary. The Euopend species all belong to the Stellate, 
and are herbaceous. Among the more important genera of the order 
are the following :—Uncaria, Nauclea, Cinchona, Cascarilla, Conda- 
minea, Mussenda, Gardenia, [xora, Coffea, Cephaélis, Spermacoce, 
Rubia, Galium, Asperula.| It includes plants of very great medi-— 
cinal and economical value. Peruvian bark and quinine are obtained 
_ from: various species of Czzchona, all natives of central'and western 
South America ; the best kind is the product of C. Calsaya of Bolivia ; 
others of C. glandulifera of Peru, C. condaminea of northern Peru and 
southern Ecuador, and C. succirubra of Chimborazo. It is cultivated 
with success in Java and India. Coffea arabica, the source of coffee, 
grows in Arabia and the East and West Indies. Ipecacuanha is the 
_ root of Cephatls Ipecacuanha of Brazil. Catechu is the product of the 
East Indian Uxcaria Gumbir. . The important dye known as madder 
is obtained from the root of Rudbza tinctorum. 
[The only other order belonging to this cohort is Caprefoliacee (Ley- 
cesteria, Symphoricarpus, Linnea, Wegelia, Lonicera, Viburnum, 
Sambucus). . . : 
Division III. Calyciflore.—Sepals connate, rarely free, often adnate 
to the ovary ; petals distinct, in a single whorl, perigynous or epigy- 
nous; disc adnate to the base of the calyx, rarely tumid or raised nto 
a torus or gynophore; stamens perigynous or epigynous, usually in- 
serted tn or beneath the outer margin of the disc ; ovary frequently in- 
jerior. 
Cohort I. UMBELLALES.— Flowers usually hermaphrodite ; stamens 
usually definite; ovary inferior, I-, 2-, or multi-locular; ovules 
_ solitary, pendulous ; styles free or connate at the base ; ovules with the 
coats confluent with the nucleus ; seeds albuminous ; embryo usually — 
minute ; flowers generally in umbels. ] 
Order 1. UMBELLIFERA. (Figs.505-513.) Herbs, rarely shrubs, 
with round or furrowed jointed stem, and alternate usually compound = 
leaves sheathing at the base. The flowers are hermaphrodite [except 
occasionally the outermost in the umbel], and are arranged in simple or 
compound umbels, which in some genera are contracted into capitula by 
the shortening of the axis ; the inflorescence is usually surrounded byan Ba. 
involucre consisting of a single whorl of bracts ; when this includes the 
entire inflorescence it is called the general involucre ; when it includes 
only a secondary umbel, a partial involucre or zzvolucel. The calyx-tube A 
