NP 
* Soa fot Structural and Physiological Botany. — a a ee 
mericarp has five more or less conspicuous longitudinal ridges or 
primary juga, the median of which is the carina ; the two outermost are 
the warginal or lateral ; those that lie between the zztermediate ridges. , 
Alternate with the primary are often four secondary ridges, which are 
not unfrequently more strongly developed than the primary ones, but - | 
are always at once recognised by their position, the central one or 
carina being always a primary ridge. The intervals which separate the — 
primary ridges are termed furrows; and beneath their surface are a 
number of slightly projecting canals or vztte containing a volatile oil, 
which are usually visible only on making a transverse section. The 
endosperm is on the ventral side, and is either flat, in the suborder 
Orthosperme, or less often channelled longitudinally by the incurv- - 
ing of the margins (Campylosperme) ; or hollowed out (Celosperme). 
| Among the very numerous genera belonging to this large and important 
order are AMydrocotvle, Eryngium, <Astrantia, Santcula, Conium, 
Smyrnium, Bupleurum, Apium, Cicuta, Amm2, Carum, Stum, Stson, 
LLeopodium, Limpinella, Conopodium, Myrrhis, Cherophyllum, 
Anthriscus, Seseli, Faentculum, Crithmum, Enanthe, Atthusa, Meum, 
Liousticum, Levisticum, Angelica, Archangelica, Ferula, Peucedanum, 
Leracleum, Opopanax, Coriandrum, Cuminum, Daucus, Petroselinum, — 
Pastinaca, Punium, Anethum.| The roots contain abundance of 
resin, and the fruits a volatile oil. Among culinary vegetables are the 
carrot Daucus Carota, chervil Anthiscus cerefolium, celery Afium gra- 
veolens, parsley Petroselinum sativum, parsnip Pastinaca sativa, fennel 
Laniculum officinale, xc. Among medicinal’ products are the caraway 
Carum Carui, coriander Cortandrum sativum, water-fennel Ginanthe 
Phedlandrium, dill Anethum graveolens, anise Pimpinella Anisum, 
pimpinella Pimpinella Saxifraga, archangel Archangelica officinalis, 
lovage Levisticum officinale, assafcetida Marthex Assafetida, ammoniacum — 
Dorema ammoniacum, and galbanum Galbanum officinale, the last 
_ three from Persia. The following are poisonous :—Hemlock Conium af 
maculatum, fool’s parsley “thusa Cynapium, dAropwort EZnanthe fistu- 
Josa, water-hemlock Cicuta virosa, and wild chervil Chere 
temulum. Be 
[To the same cohort belong Avaliacee (Aralia, Hedera, Panax);and 
Cornacee (Cornus, Benthamia, Aucubda). on ae 
Cohort II. FicoIpALes. Flowers regular or ieee so; ovary 
syncarpous, inferior half-inferior or superior ; unilocular with parietal 
placente, or 2- to multi-locular with basilar or axile placente ; seed 
-albuminous with curved embryo, or exalbuminous with oblique embrye. 
Succulent herbs. Orders :—Cactacee (Melocactus, Mamillaria, Echino- 
