=e * ~ . ror al 
ae Me lay hae, FF 
~~ y~ ; 4 
ee aS Ky. 3 
~ ee 
~ 
> s ; 
AS special M orphology and Classification. 399 
cactus, Cereus, Phyllocactus, Epiphyllum, Rhipsalis, Opuntia); Licoidex 
(Aizdon, Telephium); Mesembryanthemacee (Mesembryanthemum). 
Cohort III. PASSIFLORALES. Flowers usually regular, hermaphro- 
dite or unisexual; ovary usually inferior, syncarpous, unilocular, with 
pariefal placentz, sometimes 3- or multi-locular by the produced 
placentz ; styles free or connate. Mostly twining or climbing herbs 
or shrubs, commonly furnished with tendrils. Principal orders :—/as- 
stfloracee (Matlesherbia, Passiflora, Tacsonia, Modecca, Carica); Cucur- 
bitacee (Luffa, Momordica, Cucumts, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Bryonia, 
- Elaterium, Sicyos, Gynostemma); Legoniacee (Begonia). 
Cohort IV. MyrtTates. Flowers regular or nearly so, usually 
hermaphrodite ; ovary syncarpous, usually inferior ; styles united, very 
rarely free ; placentze axile or apical, rarely basal. Trees, shrubs, or 
rarely herbs, with simple usually entire leaves. | 
Order 1. MYRTACE#. ‘Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, usually with 
opposite exstipulate leaves, which appear “punctated by glands contain- 
ing a volatile oil ; flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves ; stamens 
numerous, with the filaments sometimes coherent into one or more 
bundles ; ovary inferior or half-inferior, uni- or multi-locular ; the fruit 
a berry or capsule, generally crowned with the calyx-limb. [Among the 
more striking genera of this large and important order, chiefly natives 
of tropical or subtropical countries, are Callistemon, Melaleuca, Metro- 
sideros, Calothamnus, Leptospermum, Lucalvptus, Psidium, Myrtus, 
Pimenta, Lugema, Caryophyllus, Barringtonia, Bertholetha, Lecythis, 
Napoleona.| The flower-buds of Caryophyllus aromaticus of the Moluccas | 
and Antilles are the cloves of commerce ; other officinal products of 
the order are cajeput-oil from A/elaleuca minor of the Moluccas, ‘and — 
kino, the dried sap of Zucalyptus resinifera of Australia; Augenia Pimenta 
of the West Indies is known as allspice. The wood of Mfetrosideros 
‘vera of Australia is the hard and valuable iron-wood. Several species 
of the Australian genus Hucalyptus or gum-tree, especially the Tasmanian 
£. globulus, are much cultivated for the rapidity of their growth and the 
anti-miasmatic properties of their leaves. The fruit of Pszdzam pyriferum 
is the guava of the West Indies; Brazil nuts are the seeds of Bertholettia 
excelsa of Brazil ; the fruits of Lecythis ollaria are known as ‘ monkey- 
pots.’ 
The other important orders of the cohort are Welastomacee (Aela- 
stoma); Lythracee (Lythrum, Lagerstremia); Onagracee (Epilobium, 
Fuchsia, Fussieua, Circea, Godetia, Clarkia, Enothera); Rhizophoracee 
(Rhizophora); Combretacee (Quisqualis, Combretum, Terminalis). 
Cohort V. RosaLes. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, regular or 
irregular ; carpels one or more, usually quite free in the bud, sometimes 
