Special Morphology and Classification. 405 
medlar Mespidlus germanica, the hawthorn or whitethorn Crategus 
oxyacantha, and the mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia. 
2. Rosee (including Sanguisorbez, Dryadez, and Spirzeeze) (Figs. 
520-522). Herbs, shrubs, or trees, usually with pinnate or digitate 
leaves, ae with stipules adherent to the base of the petiole. In 
it 
4) NY - 
QE 
Spy 
pa a VE A | WI 
Sh Y 
772) 
Fic. ae officinalts ; 1. flower ; Fic. 521.—Fruit of dewberry (z- 
I]. fruit (magnified). bus cesitus); I. natural size ; 
II. a single drupel (magnified). 
the number and structure of the parts of the flower Roseze agree for the 
most part with Pomez, but are best distinguished by the numerous 
free and unilocular ovaries, not adherent to the calyx. The 5-, rarely 
4-cleft gamosepalous calyx has a tube of various structure, and is often 
surrounded by a 4- or 5-cleft epi-calyx 
or involucre, the leaves of which alternate 
with the sepals ; the petals are perigynous 
[sometimes wanting]; the stamens. rarely 
so few as five, usually 12 to 100, free and ° 
also perigynous ; the ovaries mostly with - 
only a single anatropous ovule; and 
the style usually more or less lateral. 
[Principal genera :—osa, Alchemilla, Po- 
tertum, Sanguisorba, Agrimonia, Rubus, LTT 
fragaria, Geum, Comarum, Dryas, Po- fri. oo opie diagram of 
tentilla, Spirea.| The fleshy calyx-tube the rose. See Fig. 256, p. 
of some species of rose forms an edible . ee 
pseudocarp known asa hip ; true edible fruits are borne by the raspberry 
Rubus Ideus, and blackberry 2. fratécosus ; an edible receptacle or 
pseudocarp (see p. 146) by the strawberry Fragaria vesca, elatior, and 
grandifolia. Oil of roses is obtained from Rosa moschata and dama- 
scena of Asia Minor. The bark of Quz//aja saponaria of Chile is sapona- 
ceous, and known as soap-wood ; the flowers of Margera anthelmintica 
