: G06! ss pattafal and d Physiological Botany. y tes tate 
pendulous, a a basal funiculus, rarely indefinite and horiantale 
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Yuk > : * PSA . AK "Ay ee Ua * ot eRe eee : re he? 
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of Niacin are a heehee withaminte : the root of Com erbariuon Bue 
f. 
ey re 
and of Zormentilla recta are also officinal. = are igt* ic 
3. Amygdalee (or Drupacese). Shrubs or trees with simple alter-. es 
nate leaves provided with free deciduous stipules. This suborder is | 
distinguished from the rest of the order by the ovary, which is composed 
of a single superior carpel not adherent to the calyx, and which deve- 
lopes into a drupe (see p. 152). In the course of development the periaay 
carp becomes differentiated into three layers, of which the outermost or 
epicarp forms a more or less tough skin, the middle layer, the mesocarp ere 
or sercocarp, amore or less pulpy flesh, and the inner one, the evdocarp 
or putamen, a hard stone. ‘The fruit contains one or rarely two seeds 
with fleshy cotyledons, and radicle directed upwards (see Figs. 220 and 
325 I. pp. 119, 153). [Principal genera :—Amygdalus, Cerasus, By 
Persica, Prunus, Armeniaca.] This suborder is marked by the ten- — 
dency to form substances containing kydrocyanic acid, which is found — 
especially in the seeds:of the peach, apricot, cherry, plum, sloe | . 
Prunus spinosa, bitter almond, and in the leaves of the cherry-laurel 
Prunus lauro-cerasus. Edible fruits or seeds are furnished by the 
almond Amygdalus communis, peach fersica vulgaris, nectarine 
£. leris, cherry, species of Cerasus, apricot Armeniaca vulgaris, and 
plum Prunus domestica. [The stem of many species yields gum, _ 
the wood a valuable timber for cabinet-work. | ‘g 
Besides other less important orders belonging to this large cohort, ON: 
are Saxifragacee (Saxifraga, Chrysosplentum, Floteta, Astalbe, Cunonia, 
, 
Hydrangea, Escallonia, Deutzia, Ribes, Cephalotus,  Philadelphus,. ‘ 3 
Parnassia) ; Crassulacee (Tillea, Cotyledon, Crassula, Sedum, Sem- 
pervivum, Bryophyllum, LEcheveria, Umbilicus) ; Droseracee (Drosera, 
Dionea ; see pp. 163, 203). | aes 
Division IV. DiscirLor@®.—Sepals distinct or united, free or adnateto 
the ovary; petals distinct; disc usually conspicuous as a ring or i 
cushion, or spread over the base of the calyx- tube, or confluent with the 
base of the ovary, or broken up into glands ; stamens usually definite, 
zuserted upon or at Aes outer or tuner ee of ‘the “Gase 5 ovary 
_ superior. ? 
Cohort I. SAPINDALES. Flowers often irregular and unisexual sl 
disc tumid, adnate to the base of the calyx or lining its tube ; stamens a 
perigynous or inserted upon the disc, or between it and ae ovary, q 
usually definite ; ovary entire, lobed, or apocarpous ; evils one to a | 
usually exalbuminous ; embryo often curved or crumpledas Sha 
