= “ » 
phere es ay et 
Shes Ca ot J 
A bo OA 
Special Morphology and Classification. 407 
_ trees, mostly with compound leaves. Principal orders :—Safindacce 
(Paullinia, Asculus, Sapindus, Pavia, Acer, Negundo, Dodonea, 
Staphylea) ; Terebinthacee (Rhus, Pistacia, Mangifera, Anacardium). 
Cohort II. CELASTRALES. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular ; co- 
rolla hypogynous or perigynous ; disc tumid, adnate to the base of the 
calyx-tube or lining it ; stamens as many as the petals or fewer, rarely 
twice as many, perigynous or inserted outside the disc or on its edge ; 
ovary usually entire ; ovules one to two in each loculus, erect ; raphe 
ventral. Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, usually with undivided leaves. 
Principal orders :—Cédastracee (Euonymus, Eleodendron, Celastrus, 
_ Lippocratia); Rhamnacee (Paliurus, Zizyphus, Rhamnus, Ceano- 
thus) ; Amtpelidee (Cissus, Vitis, Ampelopsis). 
Cohort III. GERANIALES, Flowers often irregular; disc usually 
annular, adnate to the stamens or reduced to glands, rarely absent ; 
ovary multicarpellary, syncarpous or subapocarpous; ovules one to two, 
rarely numerous in each.carpel, ascending or pendulous ; raphe usually 
ventral. To this very large cohort belong the following orders, in — 
addition to others of less importance:—Lzzacee (Linum, Erythroxylon);  — 
_Malpighiacee (Malphigia); Zygophyllacee. (Tribulus, Zygophyllum, 
| Fagonia, Guaiacum); Geraniacee (Geranium, Erodium, Pelargonium, 
Tropeolum, Limnanthes, Oxalis, Biophytum, Averrhoa, Impatiens) ; 
Rutacee (Ruta, Dictamnus, Peganum, Diosma, Barosma, Eriostemon, 
Correa, Zanthoxylum, Citrus, 4égle, Limonia); Simarubacee (Quassia, 
Samadera, Simaba, Cneorum, Simaruba, Brucea, Ailantus, Balanites,' ' 
Licramnia) ; Burseracee (Boswellia, Canarium, Balsamodendron, Bur- 
sera, Amyris) ; Meliacee (Melia, Swietenia, Cedrela, Chloroxylon). 
Division V. THALMIFLORA.—Sefals usually distinct and separate, 
Sree from the calyx ; petals in one, two, or many whorls, hypogynous ; 
. stamens hypogynous, rarely inserted on a longer or shorter receptacle 
Or On a aise ; ovary superior. | 
Cohort I. MALVALES, Flowers usually regular; sepals five, rarely 
two to four, free or united, valvate or imbricate ; petals as many as 
sepals, or absent ; stamens usually indefinite and monadelphous ; ovary 
3-locular or more, rarely monocarpellary;  placentation  axile. 
Shrubs, rarely herbs or trees, with alternate, usually stipulate, simple 
or compound leaves. | 
Order 1, MALVACEH. (Fig. 523.) Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with 
simple, alternate, stipulate leaves. The calyx is 3- to 5-cleft, and usually 
surrounded by an epi-calyx or involucre of bracts ; the petals are equal in 
. , 
o> 
