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. see ‘s Special Mor phology pee Classification PALL’ 
atid petals five each, rarely four or three ; times as many or twice as. ~ 
many as petals; ovary 2-locular, rarely unilocular or more; endo- 
sperm fleshy, rarely absent. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with exstipulate 
leaves. Principal order Polygalacee (Polygala, Krameria, Securidaca). 
Cohort V. PARIETALES. Stamens definite or indefinite ; carpels 
connate into a unilocular ovary with parietal placentation, rarely spuri- 
ously bilocular or more by the prolongation of the placentze (carpels 
occasionally free ; ovary occasionally 3-locular or more). | 
Order 1, PAPAVERACEA. (Fig. 526.) Herbs witha yellow or white 
latex. The sepals are two, distinct, deciduous ; the petals four, arranged 
Il. 
/ 
Fic. 526.—I. Floral diagram of Pafaver; II. capsule (siliqua) of 
Chelidonium (natural size). 
in two whorls, regular [and deciduous]; the stamens indefinite, free and 
hypogynous; the ovary unilocular or spuriously multilocular ; the seeds 
with a small straight embryo at the base of a copious endosperm ; the 
fruit a capsule, either bursting into two valves, and resembling a siliqua 
(Fig. 526, 11.), or opening by pores, four to twenty in number, situated 
beneath the peltate stigma (see Figs. 233, 294, 313, pp. 126, 144, 
158). [Principal genera :— Platystemon, Chelidonium, Sanguinaria, 
Papaver, Eschscholtzia, Argemone, Glaucium, Meconopsis, Rameria.] 
Among officinal products of the order are the foliage of the larger 
celandine Chelidontum majus, the petals of the common poppy Pafaver 
Rheas, and the dried latex of the unripe capsules of the opium-poppy — 
Papaver somniferum. The latter is an important article of commerce 
from Egypt, Turkey, [India, and China], yielding opium and laudanum. 
