i TATA’ ke ere and Physiological Botany. 
| castrum, Diplotaxis, Vella, C apsella, Senebiera, Lepidium, Megucarpan, é; aS 
less often shrubs [with opposite] leaves, exstipulate and often divided and 
Thlaspt, Iberis, Teesdalia, Isatis, Myagrum, Bunias, Crambe, Cakile, ~* 
Evrucaria, Raphanus, Dentaria, Alliaria, Armoracia, Pringlea.] TEs, ‘ee 
furnishes a large number of culinary vegetables. The common | 
cabbage, Brassica oleracea, is the parent-form of all the varieties, as 
kohl-rabi, savoy, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, &c. [the two 
latter forms owing their peculiarity to a suppression of the floral organs, 
and an abnormal development of the pedicels of the inflorescence]. The 
seeds of other species contain an oil known as rape-seed oil. The 
turnip and Swede are varieties of Brassica Napus. Other culinary 
species are the water-cress Masturtium officinale, and the garden-cress 
Lepidium satevum. ‘The rhizome of Cochlearia Armoracia is known as 
horse-radish ; the root of Raphanus satevus is the common radish ; 
mustard is obtained from the seeds of Stxapis nigra. [The anticeeen Sa 
butic properties possessed by so many plants belonging to this order 
are due to the presence of a principle containing sulphur.| A large 
number of species are grown for the beauty of the flowers, among 
others the so-called ‘rose of Jericho,’ Anastatica hierochuntica. [The 
leaves of the woad, /satzs tenctorza, yield a blue dye. , ‘5 
The remaining orders of importance belonging to the cohort are 
Fumariacee (Hypecoum, Dicentra, Fumaria, Corydalis); Capparidee, 
(Cleome, Capparis); Resedacee (Reseda); Ctstacee (Cistus, Heliam-- | 
themum) ; Violacee (Viola, Ionidium, Alsodeia); Bixacee (Bixa, Coch- 
lospermum, Facourtia). | . 
Cohort VI. RANALEs. Stamens almost always indefinite ; ¥ 
carpels free or immersed in the receptacle, very rarely syncarpous ; : 
micropyle usually inferior ; embryo minute in a fleshy endosperm. | 
Order 1. RANUNCULACE (Figs. 531-533). Herbs with alternate, or ie 
- semi-amplexicaul. The sepals are from three to six, [deciduous] and often 
petaloid ; the petals from 4 to 15, arranged in one or more rows,’ 
[some or all of them] often small and assuming the form of nectaries, 
(Fig. 533 111.) ; or the corolla is entirely absent ; the stamens free, in- 
definite, and hypogynous. ‘The fruit consists of an indefinite number of. 
one-seeded, indehiscent achenes, each representing a carpel with its ; 
own style and stigma [Ranunculus, Anemone], or of several follicles, 
7.e. capsules opening by the ventral suture only, [Caltha, Paonia, Del- : 
phinium, Aconitum), or is more rarely a one- or several-seeded ee 
berry [A4ctea]. The small embryo is enclosed in a copious fleshy 
endosperm. [Among the more important genera of this large order | 
are Clematis, Thalictrum, Anemone, Adonis, Myosurus, Ranunculus, — 
Caltha, Hydrastis, Trollius, Helleborus, Eranthis, Nigella, Aguilegia, 
