3. The rose fruit is called a “hip.” 
The pepo (squash, pumpkin, etc.) 
The receptacle is consolidated with the outer part of the 
three loculed ovary. 
5. Fruits of Gymnosperms. 
The cone fruit. 
Fleshy fruits of gymnosperms. 
1. Cedar berries, fleshy part from outer wall enveries 
stony part from inner wall. 
2. The yew “berries.” 
(1) Stony seed from the single ovule. 
(2) Fleshy outer part ftom the “aril; vorsoures 
integument. 
Zi ela boye Cys ginkgo, a ripened ovule. 
(mie Oiiterntayverasout: 
(2) etnner aver inanc 
(3) The “collar” at the base of the fruit is a rudi- 
mentary carpel. 
4. Fruit of cycas similar, but no collar at base. 
6. Fruit of Ferns, Mosses, Etc. 
IX. SEED DISTRIBUTION. 
Barbs or grappling devices. 
Mechanisms for ejection, or propulsion of seeds. 
Provision for floating on water. 
Provision for floating in the air. 
Seed used as food by animals. 
lruits used as food. 
X. FACTORS INFLUENCING VEGETATION TYPES; 
OR ECOLOGICAL FACTORS. 
Life and growth of plant dependent upon favorable conditions 
of environment. 
Moisture, light, heat, air, ete. 
Chemical constituents of the soil. 
Different plants thrive under different conditions. 
Not only individuals, but societies of plants likewise influ- 
enced by their environment. 
Ecological factors. 
Ist, Physical factors. 
a 
