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Different kinds of forests. 
General structure of the forest. 
ae Floor 
b. Canopy. 
Even. 
Compound or storied. 
c. Interior. 
Longevity of the forest. 
Longevity of the tree. 
2. Boreal Forests. 
Forests of the Hudsonian zone. 
Mainly spruces, firs and balsams, occasionally aspens 
and birches. 
Forests of the Canadian zone. 
Similar to Hudsonian, but having some species which 
do not reach so far north, as some of the pines, hem- 
locks and deciduous trees. : 
Forests of the Austral zone, greater variations. 
Deciduous forests, highest development in Austral 
region. 
(1) In Alleghenian area, oaks, hickories, chest- 
nuts, locusts, ashes, birches, aspens, 
spruces, firs, hemlocks, pines and other 
conifers. 
(2) In Carolinian area, tulip tree or whitewood, 
cucumber tree, persimmon, sweet gum, 
sourwood, chestnut oak, Spanish oak, 
yellow and scrub pine. 
(3) Autumn colors. 
(A) Bali ofthe leat. 
(5) In Austroriparian or Louisianian area. 
Upland forest. » 
Palustrine forest. 
(6) In Pacific Transition area. 
Douglas fir, Pacific cedar, western .hem- 
‘lock, sitka spruce, western white pine. 
redwood, big tree of California. 
Lumbering the redwoods. 
Preservation of the Big Trees. 
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