3. Tropical Woods. 
i. Classification according to Schimper, 
(1) Evergreen forest. 
Hyegrophile, at least 30 metres high. 
Lianas, climbing trees and vines. 
Woody and herbaceous epiphytes. 
(2) Tropophile, less in height. 
Woody lanas, herbaceous epiphytes. 
Few woody epiphytes. 
(3) Savanna and thorn woods. 
Grasses and herbs, few undershrubs in sa- 
vanna woods. 
Few grasses and herbs, many undershrubs in 
thorn woods. 
2. Evergreen tropical forests. 
(1) Evergreen forests remarkable for great numbers 
and luxuriance. 
Noted for its herbaceous and woody epiphytes. 
(2) Climax type of forest formation. 
(3) Absence of climatic periodicity causes 
Ist, Almost continued growth. 
2nd, Absence of bud scales on the buds. 
3rd, Absence of uniformity in the time of 
defoliation. 
4th, Extended flowering and fruiting period. 
5th, Very dense forest canopy. 
6th, Relatively small amount of humus. 
7th, Structures fof protection, .of Mleames 
against water. 
8th, Protection of leaves against heat and 
insulation. 
3. Competition in evergreen tropical forests. 
Ist, Most dangerous competitors are parasites, ept- 
phytes and lianas. 
2nd, Epiphytes here reach their climax. 
Ascend for light to the forest canopy. 
ard, diianas also) clinal to the canopy. 
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