Advantages of trees over less lofty vegetation. 
I. Outgrow other kinds. 
2. Shade the ground and drive out sun loving kinds. 
Prostrate type. 
I. Strawberry. 
Certain roses—Japanese rose (Rosa wichuriana). 
Some raspberries. 
Cucurbits—squash, melons, pumpkins, etc. 
Economy in stem building. 
Advantages— 
a. Protected from wind and cold. 
b. Propagate themseives by rooting here and there. 
Decumbent type. 
Stenm erect at first, later bending im form of arch. Takes 
root where tip touches ground. 
Examples, 
Some raspberries. 
Some blackberries. 
Climbing type. 
Examples, grapes, clematis, some roses, ivies, trumpet 
creeper, climbing bittersweet. 
I. Economize in material for stem building. 
2. Sometimes develop foliage sufficient to nearly smother 
Tolage or laree trees. 
Floating stems. Aquatic plants. 
I. Stems ascending or horizonal. 
2. Not large or strong. Water supports them. 
3. Potamogeton. Myriophyllum. 
Ae CAE: 
(1) Fresh water, Chara, Nitella. 
(2) In ocean, Sargassum, Macrocystis. 
In these the plant body is a thallus divided 
into stem (caulidium) and leaf (phylli- 
dium). 
Burrowing type or rhizomes. 
1. Horizontal, subterranean stems. 
Examples, bracken fern, sensitive fern, mandrake, 
solomon’s seal, Trillium, Dentaria. 
2. In ferns subterranean is only shoot; bears scale leaves 
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