Flauhault and Combres, 1894. Sandy and dune low- 
lands mouth of Rhine. 
1, MacMillan, 1898, Lake of the Woods. 
5. Cowles, 1898, Whitford, 1898, Kearney, Ganong, 1903, 
Fink, 1903. 
(Op) 
II. Vegetation of Swamps and Moors. 
Mud swamp or reed societies. 
Bulrushes, reed grasses, cat-tail flag, arrow-leaf, etc. 
Mostly xerophytes, some hydrophytes. 
Where water is deeper vegetation is more like that of lit- 
toral zone of ponds or lakes. 
Meadow swamp societies, progressed stage of mud swamp. 
Grasses and sedges. | 
Sphagnum moor societies, or peat moor, also called “bog,” 
“muskeag,” etc. 
Characterized by the presence or absence of lime. 
2. Rich in nitrogenous matter, but combined with humus 
in form of humified albuminous bodies not available. 
Humus acid retards absorption. 
Poor in oxygen and bacteria and fungi. 
5. Xerophytic vegetation, Cassandra, Andromeda poli- 
folia, cranberry, Labrador ‘tea, etc. 
6. Insectivorous plants on moors. 
7. High moors, work of Sphagnum. 
8. Relation of vegetation to arctic in glacial times. 
PJant atolls. 
Topography of the atoll moor. 
A floating inner zone. 
Formation of the atolls. 
A black spruce moor. 
Fall of the trees on the marginal zone. 
Dying of the spruce of the central area. 
Other morainic moors. 
Heaths. Heath plants the dominant vegetation. 
a. Huckleberries, bear berries, cranberries. 
b. But especially members of the Ericaceae, 
wild rosemary (Andromeda), dwarf cassandra or 
leather leaf (Chamaedaphne—Cassandra), heather 
(Calluna vulgaris). 
i GP 
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