On the Physical Geology of the Neighbourhood of Dublin. 159 



obtained those of twenty-five more, with the horn of a second 

 reindeer. Thus about 105 individuals of Gervus megaceros be- 

 sides those, doubtless many, whose remains have not been 

 exhumed, were buried at this Irish Biff Bone Lick. The ani- 

 mals were nearly all males. Remains of this deer were found 

 also in the great accumulation of gravel a little N. of Ennis- 

 kerry ; these, as might have been anticipated, were much 

 decomposed. 



Besides the remains of the tAvo reindeer obtained at Bally - 

 betagh, a very fine and perfect skull of this animal, with antlers, 

 was found on the verge of Curragh bog, a couple of miles 

 N.N. W. of Ashbourne, and 13 miles N.W. from Dublin. It is 

 now in the National Museum of Ireland. 



Raised Beach. — This can be seen in various places along the 

 neighbouring coast. It is perceptible near Malahide, and on the 

 W. side of Ireland's Eye. It forms the low narrow neck which 

 makes a peninsula of the Hill of Howth. The flat ground 

 extending along the coast from the mouth of the river Tolka 

 to Merrion, and extending inland for some distance along each 

 side of the Liffey and to Donnybrook, belongs to this formation. 

 The remains of it can be seen at one spot, just S. of the mouth of 

 the Shanganagh River, in Killiney Bay. It runs inland up the 

 valley of the Bray river. It forms the Murrough on the near 

 side of the town of Wicklow. 



There is difference, of opinion respecting this formation, as 

 occurring in this neighbourhood. Some authorities contending 

 that the low raised beach of this neighbourhood corresponds with 

 that which in S.W. Scotland is at the higher level of 25 feet. 

 Others contending that, beside the lower beach of this neighbour- 

 hood, there are also traces of a 2 5 -foot beach. 



Submarine Peat — Submarine peat occurs in many places 

 around the east of Ireland. It often contains stumps of trees 

 standing in situ ; in some places turf is cut therefrom at low 

 spring tides. It is said that peat has been brought up in Killiney 

 Bay on the flukes of anchors. It occurs off the coast of Wicklow 

 and Wexford, sometimes under four fathoms of water. If there 

 be, as just now referred to, two raised beaches in this neighbour- 

 hood, this now-submerged neat grew subaerially of course, after the 

 higher and probably before the lower beach was formed. This, if 



