Conclusiojis. 283 



form his own views, provided he has duly studied the subject, 

 as far as my humble apprehensions extend from a knowledge 

 of the opinions of others and personal observations on the Alps 

 and Himalayas, I feel that any impressions I have formed 

 have been strengthened by making fair allowances for the 

 influences of land and floating ice. And I apprehend there 

 are few competent geologists nowadays who do not take a 

 similar view, rather than ascribe all the vast and varied 

 phenomena entirely to the one or to the other- — to wit, long 

 epochs of glaciation, subsequent changes of climate with de- 

 pression, such as might here take place at the close of the 

 Pliocene period, when deluges swept the land, and icebergs 

 were carved in the fiord and river valleys, and so deposited 

 their contents along the coasts. 



The following list shows the superposition of the various 

 strata met with in the province,* arranged from above down- 

 wards with their chief associated minerals : — 



Recent Period. 

 Peat mosses, " carabou barrens," river " intervals," estuary 

 and lacustrine deposits, lake mounds. 



Post-Pliocene Period. 

 River terraces and raised sea beaches, valley gravels and 

 ridges, glacial drift clays and boulders. Gold is met with 

 sparsely in the drift, but nowhere in remunerative quantity. 



New Red Sandstone Periods. 

 Fringes the southern margin of the province, and composes 

 Prince Edward Island. Oxide of manganese is found in 

 small quantities. 



Carboniferous Periods. 

 Contains coal-seams of small dimensions at various points 

 in central and eastern New Brunswick ; none exceed two feet 



* The data here furnished are given on the authorities of Drs. Dawson, 

 Gesner, and Robb, Messrs. Bailey, Hind, Hartt, and Matthew. 



