lxxviii PROCEEDINGS OJF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May I903, 



sciences more intimately connected, or more mutually beneficial. 

 I have already referred to the natural claim of some geologists 

 that logically Geology includes all that is contained in the study 

 of the earth. But it might better, perhaps, be said that Geology 

 and Geography share much of this collective study between them. 

 Geology deals with the past of the globe and Geography with 

 its present, — the former having, so to speak, the charge of its 

 history, and the latter of its politics. The surface of the globe is 

 their common limit, and, in a way, their common property. All that 

 comes above that surface lies within the province of Geography ; all 

 that comes below that surface lies inside the realm of Geology. The 

 surface of the earth is that which, so to speak, divides them and at 

 the same time 'binds them together in indissoluble union.' We 

 may, perhaps, put the case metaphorically. The relationships 

 of the two are rather like that of man and wife. Geography, 

 like a prudent woman, has followed the sage advice of Shakespeare 

 and taken unto her ' an elder than herself ' ; but she does not 

 trespass on the domain of her consort, nor could she possibly 

 maintain the respect of her children were she to flaunt before the 

 world the assertion that she is ' a woman with a past.' 



It is almost superfluous even to hint at the aid afforded by 

 Physical Geography to Physical Geology, or to attempt to show how 

 mutually dependent the two have always been one upon the other. 

 At first Geology was looked upon merely as a branch of Physical 

 Geography ; De Saussure, who first gave the name of Geology to our 

 science, was himself in the front rank of the physical geographers 

 of his day. The study of the whole array of terrestrial phenomena 

 described by the physical geographer is, if anything, even more 

 necessary to the educational outfit of the young geologist than the 

 study of Mineralogy and Chemistry. Without the aid afforded by 

 the study of the present phenomena which properly fall within the 

 ken of the physical geographer, ' the conquests of Hutton and 

 Lyell would never have been achieved, and the true philosophy of 

 Geology would have been impossible.'" 



Again, every advance made by the geographical surveyor in the 

 accuracy and details of his maps has resulted in a corresponding 

 improvement in geological mapping and surveying. Every advance 

 made by the descriptive geographer in the discovery, delineation, 

 and description of the geographical relief of continental lands, or 

 of the depths and deposits of the sea, has increased geological 

 knowledge, and has stimulated geological enquiry and discovery 

 in an almost corresponding ratio. 



